Effects of Soil Warming on Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling

Rustad, Lindsey E.; Melillo, Jerry M.; Mitchell, Myron J.; Fernandez, Ivan J.; Steudler, Paul A.; McHale, Patrick

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1256-0_10

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…DeLucia, 1986; DeLucia & Smith, 1987; Bergh et al., 1998; Wan et al., 1999); and (ii) an increased availability of soil nutrients, as an effect of increased mineralization (cf. Van Cleve et al., 1990; Chapin III et al., 1995; Lükewill & Wright, 1997; Rustad & Fernandez, 1998; Rustad et al., 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nutrition and soil warming on stemwood production in a boreal Norway spruce stand

Strömgren

Linder

2002

Global Change Biology

147

142

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The boreal forest is expected to experience the greatest warming of all forest biomes. The extent of the boreal forest, the large amount of carbon contained in the soil, and the expected climate warming, make the boreal forest a key biome to understand and represent correctly in global carbon models. It has been suggested that an increase in temperature could stimulate the release of CO2 caused by an increased decomposition rate, more than biomass production, which could convert current carbon sinks into carbon sources. Most boreal forests are currently carbon sinks, but it is unclear for how long in the future the carbon sink capacity of the boreal forest is likely to be maintained. The impact of soil warming on stem volume growth was studied during 6 years, in irrigated (I) and irrigated‐fertilized (IL) stands of 40‐year‐old Norway spruce in Northern Sweden. From May to October heating cables were used to maintain the soil temperature on heated‐irrigated plots (Ih and ILh) 5 °C above that on unheated control plots (Ic and ILc). After six seasons' warming, stem volume production (m3 ha−1 a−1) was 115% higher on Ih than on unheated (Ic) plots, and on heated and irrigated‐fertilized plots (ILh) it was 57% higher than on unheated plots (ILc). The results indicate that in a future warmer climate, an increased availability of nitrogen, combined with a longer growing season, may increase biomass production substantially, on both low‐ and high‐fertility sites. It is, however, too early to decide whether the observed responses are transitory or long lasting. It is therefore crucial to gain a better understanding of the responses of boreal forest ecosystems to climate change, and to provide data to test and validate models used in predicting the impact of climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nutrition and soil warming on stemwood production in a boreal Norway spruce stand

Strömgren

Linder

2002

Global Change Biology

147

142

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“…Other considerations include primary production and microbial processing that will change when growing seasons are longer as well as interactions of climate with other ecological disturbances such as atmospheric deposition of pollutants. Across the northeastern United States, atmospheric deposition widely disperses anthropogenic nitrogen across forests which affects nitrogen availability, soil nutrient status, forest health, and stream chemistry [Birdsey et al, 2000;Rustad et al, 2000;Aber et al, 2003;Galloway et al, 2004;Green et al, 2004]. Reactive nitrogen inputs are expected to increase in the future which may affect nutrient transformation rates, exacerbate stream nitrate export [Driscoll et al, 2003b;Galloway et al, 2004], and affect stream DOC loadings [Findlay, 2005;Goodale et al, 2005].…”

Section: Streamflow and Nutrient Loadings Change Under Projected Climmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of stream nitrate and DOC loadings to hydrological forcing and climate change in an upland forest of the northeastern United States

2009

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[1] In coming decades, higher annual temperatures, increased growing season length, and increased dormant season precipitation are expected across the northeastern United States in response to anthropogenic forcing of global climate. We synthesized long-term stream hydrochemical data from the Sleepers River Research Watershed in Vermont, United States, to explore the relationship of catchment wetness to stream nitrate and DOC loadings. We modeled changes in growing season length and precipitation patterns to simulate future climate scenarios and to assess how stream nutrient loadings respond to climate change. Model results for the 2070-2099 time period suggest that stream nutrient loadings during both the dormant and growing seasons will respond to climate change. During a warmer climate, growing season stream fluxes (runoff +20%, nitrate +57%, and DOC +58%) increase as more precipitation (+28%) and quick flow (+39%) occur during a longer growing season (+43 days). During the dormant season, stream water and nutrient loadings decrease. Net annual stream runoff (+8%) and DOC loading (+9%) increases are commensurate with the magnitude of the average increase of net annual precipitation (+7%). Net annual stream water and DOC loadings are primarily affected by increased dormant season precipitation. In contrast, decreased annual loading of stream nitrate (À2%) reflects a larger effect of growing season controls on stream nitrate and the effects of lengthened growing seasons in a warmer climate. Our findings suggest that leaching of nitrate and DOC from catchment soils will be affected by anthropogenic climate forcing, thereby affecting the timing and magnitude of annual stream loadings in the northeastern United States.

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The Nitrogen Cycle: Implications for Management, Soil Health, and Climate Change

Bijay‐Singh

2011

Soil Biology

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Effects of Soil Warming on Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling

Cited by 11 publications

References 106 publications

Effects of nutrition and soil warming on stemwood production in a boreal Norway spruce stand

Effects of nutrition and soil warming on stemwood production in a boreal Norway spruce stand

Responses of stream nitrate and DOC loadings to hydrological forcing and climate change in an upland forest of the northeastern United States

The Nitrogen Cycle: Implications for Management, Soil Health, and Climate Change

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