Effects of solvent—solvent fractionation on the total terpenoid content and in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity of Serevenia buxifolia bark extract

Abstract

Severinia buxifolia (Rutaceae) is often used as a traditional medical plant. The present study was carried out to estimate the effects of solvents (petroleum ether and hexane: ethyl acetate) used in liquid–liquid extraction to total terpenoid content (TTC) and in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity of the extracts obtained from S. buxifolia bark. The results showed that solvent fractionation increased the TTC compared with crude extracts. The hexane: ethyl acetate bark extract fraction (HEF) had the highest TTC (731.48 µg/ml) in comparison with the petroleum ether bark extract fraction (PEF) (564.81 µg/ml) and the crude extract (CE) (184.26 µg/ml). In addition, one of composition of terpenoid of S. buxifolia, namely ursolic acid, was determined by HPLC method from the crude CE and the fractions PEF and HEF: 2.44 μg/g DW, 3.56 μg/g DW and 5.04 μg/g DW, respectively. The samples had an in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity comparable with that of two reference standards (aspirin and indomethacin). Particularly, the HEF fraction had the highest in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity (i.e., albumin denaturation: IC50 = 147.91 μg/mL, heat‐induced hemolysis: IC50 = 159.91 μg/mL, proteinase inhibition: IC50 = 117.72 μg/mL, and lipoxygenase activity: IC50 = 90.45 μg/mL). Besides, the preliminary experiments of this study were conducted to determine the influences of maceration factors (solvent type, temperature, and time) for S. buxifolia bark extract. The TTC ranged from 453.70 to 842.59 mg linalool/g DW, and the extraction yield from 2.40% to 5.120% in all extracts. Based on TTC and EY, the hexane: acetone mixture is recommended as the optimal solvent to obtain the crude bark extract (CE) at 46°C for 24 hr of maceration. Extracts of S. buxifolia bark are a promising source for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Determination of Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Essential Oil from Leaves of Apium graveolens Grown in Saudi Arabia

“…Ibuprofen, diclofenac, aspirin, and indomethacin are used as standard compounds for the evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory agents [ 28 , 29 , 30 ] in several studies. Ibuprofen has been reported as an NSAID and works by acting on prostaglandins cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 [ 31 ].…”

Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Antidiabetic Phenolic Compound Isolated from Leaf Extract of Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn.

“…Solvent–solvent fractionation is one of the first techniques often utilized in the process of obtaining pure natural products from complex extracts [ 19 , 20 ]. With this method, various polarities of solvents are applied in the liquid technique to extract the phytochemical groups of plants [ 21 ]. The efficiency of this fractionation technique is dependent on many conditions, including fluctuations in solvent, temperatures, and time [ 21 ].…”

“…With this method, various polarities of solvents are applied in the liquid technique to extract the phytochemical groups of plants [ 21 ]. The efficiency of this fractionation technique is dependent on many conditions, including fluctuations in solvent, temperatures, and time [ 21 ].…”

Green Synthesis of Gold Nano-bioconjugates from Onion Peel Extract and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Studies

“…The plant lipoxygenase pathway is in many aspects equivalent to the “arachidonic acid cascades” in animals . For this reason, the in vitro inhibition of lipoxygenase (LOX) constitutes a good model for the screening of plants with anti-inflammatory potential .…”

“…The plant lipoxygenase pathway is in many aspects equivalent to the "arachidonic acid cascades" in animals. 65 For this reason, the in vitro inhibition of lipoxygenase (LOX) constitutes a good model for the screening of plants with anti-inflammatory potential. 66 LOXs are sensitive to antioxidants, and most of their action may consist of inhibition of lipid hydroperoxide formation due to scavenging of lipid peroxyl radicals formed in the course of enzyme peroxidation.…”