Effects of some environmental factors on ammonia volatilization from simulated livestock urine applied to soil

Whitehead, David; Raistrick, N.

doi:10.1007/bf00335848

Cited by 56 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…3a) Among the six periods during which incorporation did not reduce emissions, five occurred after rainfalls [period #7 after rain on 24 September and periods #23, 24, 25 and 26 after rain on 1 October (Table 2)]. Rainfall on wet soil usually decreases volatilization by (1) diluting surface-NH 4 + , thereby reducing NH 3 partial pressure, and (2) transporting NH 4 + deeper into the soil, thereby increasing resistance to volatilization (Whitehead and Raistrick 1991). The other period (#18, Table 2) corresponded to the fifth night following application when emissions were already greatly reduced (Fig.…”

Section: Ammonia Volatilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residues

Rochette¹,

Chantigny²,

Angers³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2001. Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residue. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 515-523. Land application of liquid manures is a major source of atmospheric ammonia. The presence of crop residues on the soil surface usually increases emissions by retarding slurry infiltration, whereas incorporation of slurry into soil reduces emissions. Our objective was to quantify the relative reduction in NH 3 volatilization resulting from the soil incorporation of pig slurry (PS) applied on canola (Brassica napus) residues under fall conditions in Quebec, Canada. Pig slurry was applied at 7.4 L m -2 on six plots covered by canola crop residues. Slurry and residues were incorporated in the top 5 cm of soil (INCORP) in half of the plots, while the other half were left untouched (SURF). Ammonia volatilization was measured following application for 10 d using wind tunnels. Soil NH 4 + and NO 3 -contents, pH, moisture and temperature were also monitored to explain variations in NH 3 fluxes. Soil NH 4 + -N in the surface soil was lower than expected shortly after slurry application, maybe as a result of fixation by clays or interception by crop residues. The volatilization of NH 3 was higher (P < 0.05) on SURF plots than on INCORP plots in 20 of the 26 measuring periods, with total NH 3 losses being five times greater in the former. Cumulated emissions during the first 11 h accounted for the 60 and 53% of total NH 3 emissions for the SURF and INCORP plots, respectively. Our results confirm that a large fraction of the NH 3 volatilization from slurry application on canola residues can be greatly reduced if the slurry and crop residues are incorporated into the soil immediately after slurry application. Despite significant reduction (80%) of NH 3 volatilization in INCORP compared with SURF plots, no difference was found in soil mineral N between treatments, suggesting that other processes such as N mineralization or denitrification were more active in INCORP plots.

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Section: Ammonia Volatilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residues

Rochette¹,

Chantigny²,

Angers³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…This large variation in apparent volatilization of ammonia N among differing methodologies is likely due to a variety of factors such as air turnover rates, soil presence and composition, and other environmental factors. For example, air turnover rate increases ammonia N emissions from chambers or wind tunnels linearly up to 15 turnovers/min (Kissel et al, 1977;Whitehead and Raistrick, 1991). Therefore, although relative comparisons within a given method of assessing ammonia N emissions from a given system are likely valid, comparisons among different methodologies should be made carefully.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of oscillating dietary protein concentrations on finishing cattle. II. Nutrient retention and ammonia emissions

Archibeque¹,

Freetly²,

Cole³

et al. 2007

Journal of Animal Science

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ABSTRACT:We hypothesized that oscillation of the dietary CP concentrations would improve efficiency of N use and reduce N loss to the environment. Charolaiscross steers (n = 8; 315 ± 21 kg of BW) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The steers were allowed ad libitum access to the following diets: 1) 9.1% CP (low), 2) 11.8% CP (medium), 3) 13.9% CP (high), or 4) low and high oscillated on a 48-h interval on each diet (oscillating). Dry matter intake did not differ among treatments (P = 0.46), but N intake differed (P < 0.01) from 94 (low) to 131 (medium), 142 (high), and 133 g/d (oscillating), as designed. Dry matter digestibility increased (P < 0.01) from 71.8% (low) to 75.8% (medium), 77.7% (high), and 77.5% (oscillating). Nitrogen digestibility increased (P < 0.01) from 62.2% (low) to 67.2% (medium) to 70.1% (high) and 70.9% (oscillating). Nitrogen retention was greater (P < 0.01) in steers fed oscillating (55.0 g/d) than in the steers fed low (34.8 g/ d) or high (40.2 g/d), but N retention of steers fed medium (49.8 g/d) differed (P = 0.02) only from that of

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“…Grain N concentrations were determined using the Kjeldahl method at all site-years except for Scott in 2005 where a near infrared protein analyzer was used (Daun et al 1994). A factor of 6.25 was used to convert protein concentrations to grain N concentrations (Williams et al 1998).…”

Section: Crop Management and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2005, at Indian Head, the apparent lack of response to topdressed N was due to sufficient N availability, even at the reduced rates of starter N. In 2006, at Indian Head, the RRN treatment yielded lower than the FPN treatment, but not the SFN or VRN treatments. The dry conditions following the topdress application at Indian Head in 2006 likely restricted crop uptake of the surface-applied UAN and potentially resulted in increased volatile losses (Whitehead and Raistrick 1991). Previous research has also demonstrated that topdressing UAN is not an effective method of supplying N to established crops when dry conditions are encountered ).…”

Section: Seed and Seed Nitrogen Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because sensorbased N management did not result in lower post-harvest soil NO 3 levels, adopting this technology is unlikely to reduce the potential for leaching (Akinremi et al 2005;Campbell et al 2006) or greenhouse gas emissions (Malhi et al 2006;Malhi and Lemke 2007) relative to current practices. However, in no-till, continuous cropping systems, N fertilizer use accounts for approximately 70% of the energy consumed in crop production, thus the potential environmental benefits of a 30% reduction in N fertilizer consumption are substantial (Zentner et al 2004). Despite the positive results overall, the data from 2006 at Indian Head illustrate the risks associated with surface-applied N under dry conditions.…”

Section: Seed and Seed Nitrogen Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical sensors have potential for determining nitrogen fertilizer topdressing requirements of canola in Saskatchewan

Holzapfel¹,

Lafond²,

Brandt³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. Optical sensors have potential for determining nitrogen fertilizer topdressing requirements of canola in Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 89: 411Á425. An important challenge in N management is matching fertilizer inputs to crop requirements for specific environmental conditions. Field experiments were completed over 3 yr at two locations in Saskatchewan to evaluate the feasibility of using optical sensors and high-N reference plots along with topdressed liquid urea ammoniumnitrate (UAN) to arrive at more optimal N rates for canola (Brassica napus L.). Treatments included N management strategies where the timing and methods of application were varied along with the total quantities of N applied. Sensorbased N management was compared with the predominant practice of banding predetermined amounts of N at seeding. On average, sensor-based N management resulted in a 34 kg N ha(1 reduction in fertilizer use with no effect on seed yields except at Indian Head in 2006 where dry conditions resulted in yield reductions of 370 to 454 kg ha(1 compared with applying canola's entire N requirements at seeding. Sensor-based N management or split-N applications never increased yields relative to applying all N at seeding. Adopting this technology in western Canada will more likely result in reduced N inputs without reducing yield than increased seed yield. While sensor-based N management did not reduce post-harvest residual soil NO 3 -N levels, agronomic N use efficiency (ANUE) was increased 33% of the time and was never lessened. When significant, the increase in ANUE ranged from 4.8 to 7.8 kg seed kg N applied 2009. Les capteurs optiques permettraient d'e´tablir la quantite´d'engrais azote´s a`appliquer en couverture pour la culture du canola en Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 89: 411Á425. Une grande difficulte´dans la gestion des engrais azote´s (N) consiste a`faire concorder les applications aux exigences de la culture selon les conditions ambiantes. Les auteurs ont proce´de´a`une expe´rience de trois ans sur le terrain, a`deux endroits de la Saskatchewan, afin d'e´tablir si on pourrait se servir de capteurs optiques et de parcelles de re´fe´rence a`forte concentration de N pour e´pandre en couverture un engrais liquide a`base d'ure´e et de nitrate d'ammonium et parvenir a`un taux d'application mieux adapte´au canola (Brassica napus L.). Les traitements incluaient des strate´gies de gestion de l'azote en vertu desquelles le moment et la me´thode d'application variaient avec la quantite´totale de N applique´e. On a compare´la gestion des engrais N avec des capteurs a`la pratique la plus courante, qui consiste a`e´pandre une quantite´de´termine´e d'engrais en bande lors des semis. En moyenne, la gestion des engrais N s'appuyant sur des capteurs a diminue´la quantite´d'engrais employe´e de 34 kg de N par hectare, comparativement al 'application de la quantite´totale d'engrais recommande´e pour le canola aux semis. Le rendement grainier n'en a pas souffert, sauf a`Indian Head, en 2006, ou`la se´cheresse l'a re´duit de 370 a...

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Effects of some environmental factors on ammonia volatilization from simulated livestock urine applied to soil

Cited by 56 publications

References 15 publications

Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residues

Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residues

The influence of oscillating dietary protein concentrations on finishing cattle. II. Nutrient retention and ammonia emissions

Optical sensors have potential for determining nitrogen fertilizer topdressing requirements of canola in Saskatchewan

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