Effects of Space Radiation on Mammalian Cells

Danho, Sharef; Thorgrimson, Joelle; Saary, Joan

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50909-9_25-1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…HZE particles, such as carbon and iron, are mostly used for ground-based studies. In addition to animal models, results from various studies or situations in which humans had been exposed to radiation (accidently or occupationally) have been used to generate models to determine the risk of radiation in humans during spaceflights [ 188 , 189 ]. However, there is still a high degree of uncertainty on radiation-induced effects.…”

Section: The Impact Of Cosmic Radiation On Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Microgravity on Apoptosis in Cells, Tissues, and Other Systems In Vivo and In Vitro

Prasad

Grimm

Strauch

et al. 2020

IJMS

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All life forms have evolved under the constant force of gravity on Earth and developed ways to counterbalance acceleration load. In space, shear forces, buoyance-driven convection, and hydrostatic pressure are nullified or strongly reduced. When subjected to microgravity in space, the equilibrium between cell architecture and the external force is disturbed, resulting in changes at the cellular and sub-cellular levels (e.g., cytoskeleton, signal transduction, membrane permeability, etc.). Cosmic radiation also poses great health risks to astronauts because it has high linear energy transfer values that evoke complex DNA and other cellular damage. Space environmental conditions have been shown to influence apoptosis in various cell types. Apoptosis has important functions in morphogenesis, organ development, and wound healing. This review provides an overview of microgravity research platforms and apoptosis. The sections summarize the current knowledge of the impact of microgravity and cosmic radiation on cells with respect to apoptosis. Apoptosis-related microgravity experiments conducted with different mammalian model systems are presented. Recent findings in cells of the immune system, cardiovascular system, brain, eyes, cartilage, bone, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas, as well as cancer cells investigated under real and simulated microgravity conditions, are discussed. This comprehensive review indicates the potential of the space environment in biomedical research.

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Section: The Impact Of Cosmic Radiation On Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 99%