Effects of species and hardwood–softwood mix on the balance of growth and mortality in old stands in New Brunswick, Canada

Bashir, Altamash; MacLean, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.015

Cited by 4 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Forest carbon (C) balance and storage are largely governed by stand development stage, species composition, balance between growth and mortality, and susceptibility to natural disturbances Taylor et al 2014;Bashir and MacLean 2015). Forests sequester C from the atmosphere and accumulate C in biomass as they grow for decades to centuries and therefore can represent a huge C storehouse in later stages of stand development (Luyssaert et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pregitzer and Euskirchen (2004) studied 1200 entries from 120 references of boreal, tropical, and temperate forest carbon pools across the world and observed mean temperate forest C change of − 1.9, 4.5, 2.4, 1.9, and 1.7 t C ha −1 yr −1 across five age classes (0-10, 11-30, 31-70, 71-120, 121-200 years, respectively). In addition to age, C sequestration potential of stand types differs significantly due to differences in tree species composition, softwood (SW)-hardwood (HW; deciduous) species mix, silvics, and site productivity (Bunker et al 2005;Bashir and MacLean 2015). Higher rates of C storage occur in large, long-lived species and in species with dense versus light wood (Baker et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth-mortality attributes and species composition determine carbon sequestration and dynamics of old stand types in the Acadian Forest of New Brunswick, Canada

Bashir

MacLean

Hennigar

2019

Annals of Forest Science

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& Key message We used 20 years of plot data to analyze the influence of tree growth-mortality balance and species mix on the potential of old stands to sequester carbon from the atmosphere and store carbon. The study indicated that carbon in hardwood-dominated stands increased with age, without any sign of decline in carbon sequestration. In contrast, balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) dominated softwood stands showed a negative C change with a decline at 80 years of age. & Context Variation in species stand development, carbon (C) storage, and sequestration is fundamental to ascertain the role of old forests as sources and sinks in global C. & Aims To analyze the effect of the balance between growth and mortality of species and hardwood-softwood mix on the C source and sink budget of old forest types in New Brunswick, Canada. & Methods A set of 602 plots, representing 12 stand types, were grouped into softwood (SW), mixedwood (MW), and hardwood (HW) categories. Net C change per year, including growth, recruitment of trees, and mortality, was calculated, and plots were categorized into three classes, of carbon sinks, sources, or neutral. & Results Over the period from 1987 to 2007, 68% of plots were C sinks, 25% were sources, and 7% were neutral. Balsam firspruce (Picea sp.) was the only stand type with negative mean C change at − 0.2 t C ha −1 yr −1 . Long-term C projection using OSM (open stand model) determined that shade-tolerant hardwood and mixed stand types showed increases of 26-30% of total C over a 100-year simulation, whereas other stand types ranged between 7 and 21% increases. & Conclusion Balsam fir-dominated stands incur high mortality rates due to shorter longevity (stand decline) and high susceptibility to insect and wind disturbances, and therefore, HW and non-balsam fir-dominated MW should have priority in management for longer rotations to maximize C onsite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth-mortality attributes and species composition determine carbon sequestration and dynamics of old stand types in the Acadian Forest of New Brunswick, Canada

Bashir

MacLean

Hennigar

2019

Annals of Forest Science

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“…First and foremost, the larval stages eat plant material (leaves, buds, stems, flowers, seeds, and less often, wood) and, in so doing, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.08.050 0378-1127/Ó 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. decrease growth of individual trees (Marquis and Whelan, 1994;Man and Rice, 2010;Bashir and MacLean, 2015). This growth impact is the summed result of feeding by species whose populations remain relatively low in abundance from year to year, but also by a few species that go through population eruptions, causing widespread defoliation (Hunter, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the responses of larval and adult lepidopteran communities to timber harvest using long-term, landscape-scale studies in oak-hickory forests

Summerville

Marquis

2017

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Despite these challenges, several studies have investigated tree mortality dynamics (e.g., Lines et al 2010, Holzwarth et al 2013, Martin et al 2014, Bashir and MacLean 2015. Those of Holzwarth et al (2013) and Martin et al (2014) were designed to partition tree mortality into detailed processes, but were performed in a limited number of sites or forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the effect of climate on forest dynamics is even more important in the context of climate change (Logan et al 2011). Other studies on tree mortality dynamics (e.g., Lines et al 2010, Bashir andMacLean 2015) have covered larger areas, which allowed more regional or climatic effects to be detected. Yet these studies were not necessarily designed to partition tree mortality into detailed processes related to the mode of death (standing death, uprooting, or stem breakage) or to forest management (Martin et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning risks of tree mortality by modes of death in managed and unmanaged northern hardwoods and mixedwoods

GuillemetteFrançois

Gauthier

Ouimet

2017

The Forestry Chronicle

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We used a permanent sample plot network established to monitor the effects of forest management practiced in mature northern hardwood and mixedwood stands in Québec, Canada to address two important questions related to tree mortality: (1) How does partial cutting affect tree mortality? (2) Which variables best explain tree mortality by different modes of death (standing death, uprooting or stem breakage)? Decennial tree deaths were lower after partial cutting than in unharvested plots, but the annual proportion of tree death was similar (1.25%·year -1 ). At the tree level, a risk-product classification demonstrated the strongest evidence on influencing total mortality, followed by species, the presence of a logging injury, and tree size. Annual temperature was the only climatic variable explaining variations in total risk of tree mortality, and always among the first three variables explaining differences among the three modes of death. The risk of standing death also increased with increasing annual precipitation, while the risk of stem breakage and, to a lesser extent, of being uprooted, decreased with increasing precipitation. Additionally, we found strong evidence to support the effect of the potassium/magnesium ratio of the humus layer on the risk of being uprooted. This information is critical to better understand tree mortality processes.Key words: selection cutting, partial cutting, mortality, deadwood, stand dynamics. RÉSUMÉNous avons utilisé les données de placettes permanentes établies pour suivre les effets de l'aménagement forestier dans des peuplements matures à dominance feuillue au Québec (Canada) dans le but de répondre à deux questions relatives à la mortalité des arbres : (1) Comment la coupe partielle affecte-t-elle le taux de mortalité des arbres? (2) Quelles variables expliquent le mieux la mortalité des arbres feuillus selon qu'ils sont morts sur pied, déracinés ou ont un tronc rompu? La mortalité décennale était moindre après une coupe partielle que dans les placettes non traitées, mais la proportion annuelle d'arbres morts était la même dans les deux (1,25 %·année -1 ). Parmi les variable étudiées, la classe de risque et de produit potentiel de l'arbre feuillu influençait le plus la probabilité globale de mortalité; elle était suivie par l' espèce, la présence d'une blessure de coupe, puis la dimension de l'arbre. La température annuelle était la seule variable climatique permettant d' expliquer la probabilité globale de mortalité des arbres, et l'une des trois variables les plus importantes pour les trois types de mort. Le risque de mourir sur pied augmentait aussi avec l'augmentation des précipitations annuelles, tandis que celui de rupture du tronc et, dans une moindre mesure, celui d' être déraciné diminuaient avec l'augmentation des précipitations. Finalement, nous avons observé que le risque de déracinement d'un arbre était influencé par le rapport potassium/magnésium dans la couche d'humus du sol. Ces informations sont importantes pour mieux comprendre les processus de mor...

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Effects of species and hardwood–softwood mix on the balance of growth and mortality in old stands in New Brunswick, Canada

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Growth-mortality attributes and species composition determine carbon sequestration and dynamics of old stand types in the Acadian Forest of New Brunswick, Canada

Growth-mortality attributes and species composition determine carbon sequestration and dynamics of old stand types in the Acadian Forest of New Brunswick, Canada

Comparing the responses of larval and adult lepidopteran communities to timber harvest using long-term, landscape-scale studies in oak-hickory forests

Partitioning risks of tree mortality by modes of death in managed and unmanaged northern hardwoods and mixedwoods

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