Effects of specimen collection, processing, and storage conditions on stability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in plasma

Ginocchio, Christine C.; Wang, Xue Ping; Kaplan, Mark H.; Mulligan, Gaby; Witt, Donald J.; Romano, Joseph; Cronin, Michael F.; Carroll, Richard G.

doi:10.1128/jcm.35.11.2886-2893.1997

Cited by 90 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…With storage at 4°C, however, there is no significant loss of HIV RNA by 96 hours (stability is enhanced in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma in comparison to serum) (Rotbart et al, 1985;Ginocchio et al, 1997;Ahmad et al, 1999). Detection of specific nucleic acid from the CSF is dependent on the timing of the CSF sample.…”

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confidence: 99%

CSF in acute and chronic infectious diseases

Benninger

Steiner

2018

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

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Infections of the nervous system are an important and challenging aspect of clinical neurology. Immediate correct diagnosis enables to introduce effective therapy, in conditions that without diagnosis may leave the patient with severe neurological incapacitation and sometimes even death. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a mirror that reflects nervous system pathology and can promote early diagnosis and therapy. The present chapter focuses on the CSF findings in neuro-infections, mainly viral and bacterial. Opening pressure, protein and glucose levels, presence of cells and type of the cellular reaction should be monitored. Other tests can also shed light on the causative agent: serology, culture, staining, molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction. Specific examination such as panbacterial and panfungal examinations should be examined when relevant. Our chapter is a guide-text that combines clinical presentation and course with CSF findings as a usuaful tool in diagnosis of neuroinfections. ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEMAcute infections of the nervous system are as diverse in their clinical consequences for the patient as the variety of infectious agents causing them: from mild headaches to long-term morbidity and a threat to life. Therefore, the earliest possible diagnosis is absolutely essential. Central here stands the examination of the CSF. The correct diagnosis is often dependent on this rather simple procedure to allow diagnosis and focused antimicrobial and adjunctive therapy. This chapter deals with acute infectious diseases of the nervous system and the importance of the lumbar puncture (LP) in the diagnostic process.

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confidence: 99%

CSF in acute and chronic infectious diseases

Benninger

Steiner

2018

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

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“…The plasma for the bioassays was collected by using heparin as an anticoagulant, while EDTA was used in this study. With HIV-1, EDTA has been shown to protect viral RNA from degradation (11,13,19,21,25), while heparin maintained viral infectivity (7,43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TaqMan Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR and JDVp26 Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Quantify Jembrana Disease Virus Load during the Acute Phase of In Vivo Infection

et al. 2005

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Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is an acutely pathogenic lentivirus that affects Bali cattle in Indonesia. The inability to propagate the virus in vitro has made it difficult to quantitate JDV and determine the kinetics of virus replication during the acute phase of the disease process. We report for the first time two techniques that enable quantification of the virus and the use of these techniques to quantify the virus load during the acute phase of the disease process. A one-step JDV pol TaqMan Jembrana disease virus (JDV) causes an atypical lentivirus infection that results in an acute severe disease that affects Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) within Indonesia (4,20,36). JDV has a short incubation period of 4 to 12 days, and the disease is characterized by a febrile response, lethargy, anorexia, leukopenia, and enlargement of superficial lymph nodes and a mortality rate of about 17% (36). The majority of animals develop detectable antibodies to the virus only 6 weeks or more after recovery from the acute phase of the disease (17, 41). Surviving animals are resistant to reinfection, remain infectious for at least 2 years, and do not appear to suffer further episodes of disease (35).Attempts to cultivate JDV in vitro have been unsuccessful (42), and this has restricted the development of assays for the quantification of infectious virus. A series of animal bioassay experiments reported by Soeharsono et al. (35) provide the only data available regarding virus replication during the acute phase of disease process. These studies revealed that there was a high titer of infectious virus in plasma of about 10 8 50% cattle infectious doses (ID 50 )/ml during the acute febrile period, decreasing to low levels and persisting at low levels in recovered animals. A strong correlation between the initial dose of virus in a sample and the time between infection and onset of the acute febrile disease period was observed (35). Although this bioassay provided a method for titration of infectious virus, it was time-consuming and expensive. Techniques that do not require the use of animals for assay of virus are needed for further studies on the kinetics of virus replication during the acute phase of the disease process and for understanding the persistence of virus in recovered animals. Additionally, the development of an inactivated virus vaccine for JDV which relied on clinical observations to determine the efficacy of different vaccine formulations has been reported (16), and further studies of vaccine development would be greatly facilitated by the capacity to quantify the virus load in vaccinated animals.In this paper, we describe the development and correlation of two techniques for the detection and quantification of the JDV load in plasma: the quantification of virus RNA and the quantification of virus antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The quantification of circulating viral RNA is a widely accepted method for monitoring the levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA, and the quantity of circulati...

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“…One such possibility could be due to stored RNA deterioration with time. Since insufficient sample remained for additional retesting by the RVP assay, the possibility cannot be excluded that the 3 H1N1 novel, the seasonal influenza A, and the seasonal influenza B samples that appear as false negatives could be from long-term storage-induced RNA degradation and/or freeze-thaw cycles (Botling et al, 2009;Ginocchio et al, 1997). Loss of specificity occurs due to a false-positive result (positive by the PyroScript assay but not the RVP).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the specificity and sensitivity of a potential rapid influenza screening system

Pérez

Merrill

Lorenzo

et al. 2013

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

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Influenza remains a serious worldwide health threat with numerous deaths attributed to influenza-related complications. It is likely that transmission of influenza and both the morbidity and mortality of influenza could be reduced if inexpensive but reliable influenza screening assays were more available to the general public or local medical treatment facilities. This report provides the initial evaluation of a pilot system designed by Lucigen Corp. (Middleton, WI, USA) as a potential rapid near point-of-care screening system for influenza A and influenza B. The evaluation of specificity and sensitivity was conducted on stored nasal swab samples collected from emergency department patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms at a large military academic hospital and on de-identified nasal swabs and isolated RNA from a local epidemiology laboratory. The gold standard for assessment of specificity and sensitivity was the Luminex® Respiratory Viral Panel.

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Effects of specimen collection, processing, and storage conditions on stability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in plasma

Cited by 90 publications

References 25 publications

CSF in acute and chronic infectious diseases

CSF in acute and chronic infectious diseases

TaqMan Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR and JDVp26 Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Quantify Jembrana Disease Virus Load during the Acute Phase of In Vivo Infection

Evaluation of the specificity and sensitivity of a potential rapid influenza screening system

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