Effects of spermidine, proline and carbohydrate sources on somatic embryogenesis from main root transverse thin cell layers of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et. Grushv.)

Abstract

The in vitro main roots transverse thin cell layers of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et. Grushv.) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg.l -1 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.2 mg.l -1 kinetin and 0.5 mg.l -1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 30 g.l -1 sucrose and 8.5 g.l -1 agar to establish embryogenic culture. The effects of exogenous spermidine and proline on enhancement of somatic embryogenesis was investigated. The results show that spermidine (0.1 mM) and proline (300 mg.l -1) resulted in a high frequency of somatic embryogenesis (93.3% and 86.7%, respectively). To further optimize a culture medium for induction of embryo formation of P. vietnamensis, three carbohydrate sources (sucrose, glucose and fructose) at 10 to 60 g.l -1 were tested. Among them, glucose and fructose were not suitable for somatic embryogenesis in this species while sucrose at 50 g.l -1 produced the highest embryogenic frequency (86.7%) number of embryos per responding explant (167). This study confirmed the importance of spermidine, proline and osmotic potential provided by sucrose in enhancement of somatic embryogenesis.

Efficient Micropropagation of Genetically Stable Panax ginseng Meyer by Somatic Embryogenesis

“…This is consistent with the result of a previous study on P. ginseng [26]. However, the mean number of somatic embryos and EFC index decreased at sucrose concentrations above 7%, which is similar to the result reported for P. vietnamensis [15]. The negative effects of excessive sucrose concentrations have also been reported in other plant species [40,41].…”

“…We found that the carbon source greatly affected somatic embryogenesis in P. ginseng (Table 1 and Figure 2); somatic embryo induction was greatest in culture medium supplemented with sucrose. A similar finding was observed by Nhut et al [15] in the callus culture of P. vietnamensis (Vietnamese ginseng), who found that sucrose had a greater embryogenic effect than glucose and fructose. Several studies have suggested that sucrose is the best choice for cell growth and embryogenesis in many species [35,36].…”

“…In general, the development of in vitro tissue is affected not only by endogenous conditions, including genotype, but also external conditions, such as medium composition [11]. As they provide energy [12] and regulate osmotic pressure [13], carbohydrates are essential components of culture medium that can greatly affect shoot regeneration, somatic embryogenesis, and in vitro rooting [14][15][16].…”

HIGH EFFICIENT MICROPROPAGATION OF Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. FROM IMMATURE ZYGOTIC EMBRYOS

“…Данные об успешном микроразмножении корейского женьшеня (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) и других видов женьшеня стимулировали исследования культуры тканей женьшеня Ngoc Linh, в частности изучение органогенеза (5), формирования искусственных семян (6), образования микроризомов (7), соматического эмбриогенеза (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Некоторые работы были сосредоточены на культурах вторичных и придаточных корней (13) для производства биомассы женьшеня Ngoc Linh с целью получения гинсенозидов (14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

“…В исследовании D. Nhut с соавт. (9), соматический эмбриогенез был индуцирован в культуре in vitro на основе тонкого слоя клеток основного корня. Однако, выживаемость проростков после переноса в питомник оказалась довольно низкой, поэтому считается, что методы in vitro все еще не обеспечивают стабильного размножения женьшеня Ngoc Linh.…”