Effects of spermine and putrescine polyamines on capsaicin accumulation in Capsicum annuum L. cell suspension cultures

Abstract

This study examined the effects of different concentrations of spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) elicitors on capsaicin production at different times in cell suspension culture of peper (<em>Capsicum annuum </em>L‘Kahramanmaraş Hat-187’<em>.</em>), raised from pepper seeds. Callus was obtained from hypocotyl explants of pepper seedlings germinated <em>in vitro</em> conditions, and cell suspensions were prepared from calluses. Spm (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) and Put (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) elicitors were applied on cell suspensions, and control groups free from elicitor treatment were created. The amount of capsaicin in cells was found to be higher in the control groups and samples treated with Spm elicitors when compared to filtrates. The highest increase in the capsaicin amount in cells was determined on day 12 of elicitation with 0.2 mg l<sup>-1 </sup>Spm application. The highest capsaicin amount passing into the filtrate was determined as 0.1 mg l<sup>-1 </sup>Spm on day 8. The most effective Put concentration and time on capsaicin amount were found as 0.2 mg l<sup>-1 </sup>Put on day 12 in both cells and filtrates. The highest total capsaicin was also determined in the 0.2 mg l<sup>-1 </sup>Spm application on day 12with 312.747 ± 8.70 µg <sup> </sup>g<sup>-1</sup> of culture. Exogenous treatment of Spm and Put elicitors affected capsaicin accumulation.

Genetic Regulation, Environmental Cues, and Extraction Methods for Higher Yield of Secondary Metabolites in Capsicum

“…Chitosan activated several genes like PAL , pAMT , and Pun1 and therefore the capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content in C. chinense cell suspension cultures . Spermine and putrescine in the concentration of 0.1 mg ml –1 each amplified capsaicin content in C. annuum cell suspension cultures . Sodium nitroprusside effectively induces the production of capsaicin in Capsicum callus cultures to a yield of up to 0.2% w/w .…”

“…161 Spermine and putrescine in the concentration of 0.1 mg ml −1 each amplified capsaicin content in C. annuum cell suspension cultures. 162 Sodium nitroprusside effectively induces the production of capsaicin in Capsicum callus cultures to a yield of up to 0.2% w/w. 163 Sinapic acid at a concentration of 22 μM caused the highest capsaicin accumulation of up to 5068 μg g −1 in C. assamicum cell suspension cultures among other elicitors such as cellulase, vanillin, and SA.…”