Effects of spinning conditions on structure and properties of aramid-based hollow fiber blend separation membranes

Abstract

The rigid-rod-like poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), as the raw material of aramid 1414, has the characteristics of high modulus and hydrophilicity. The flat sheet poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/PPTA blend separation membranes with improved hydrophilicity and enhanced modulus have been successfully prepared using in situ polycondensation method in our previous study. In this study, PPTA/PVDF hollow fiber blend separation membranes with enhanced hydrophilicity and mechanical strength were fabricated through the dry–wet spinning technique. Monomers of PPTA were polymerized in the PVDF solution, and the polymerization system was directly used as the spinning solution to fabricate the hollow fiber blend membrane. The effects of spinning conditions including the air-gap distance; the composition of core fluid; and composition of coagulation bath on the structure and properties including the separation properties, surface hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties of PPTA/PVDF hollow fiber blend membranes were well investigated. Membrane surface and cross-sectional morphologies were observed through scanning electron microscope. The enhancements of these spinning conditions weakened the phase separation process as a result of the formation of a small pore structure. The pore size distribution, water flux, and solute rejection varied accordingly. Different spinning conditions have different effects on the mechanical and hydrophilic properties of the hollow fiber blend membranes. Compared with pure PVDF hollow fiber membrane, blend membranes fabricated under different spinning conditions exhibited enhanced surface hydrophilicity and tensile properties. Finally, the change rates of the pure water flux and the solute rejection with different spinning conditions were calculated to further analyze and compare the statistically significant effects.

Removal of high concentration Congo red by hydrophobic PVDF hollow fiber composite membrane coated with a loose and porous ZIF-71PVDF layer through vacuum membrane distillation

“…The pore size of more than 78% of the pores is larger than 0.5 lm. According to the previous reports, membrane pore size for MD should be less than 0.5 lm which can prevent the membrane pore wetting and maintain the stability of MD separation performance [45,46]. This means that the ZIFs/PVDF coating layer with larger pore size will not produce additional resistance to MD mass transfer process under it.…”

“…PVDF hollow fiber membrane was fabricated through the typical dry-wet spinning technique as reported before [46][47][48]. The as-spun hollow fiber membrane was employed as the substrate for the subsequent dilute coating.…”