Effects of split applications of nitrogen fertilizers on the Cd level and nutritional quality of Chinese cabbage

Fan, Shi-Kai; Zhu, Jun; Tian, Wen; Guan, Meiyan; Fang, Xianzhi; Jin, Cuihong

doi:10.1631/jzus.b1600272

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Chinese cabbage is a popular vegetable, with a long history of cultivation in China. Soluble sugars are essential nutrients and important parameters of vegetable quality 32 , 33 . The taste characteristics of vegetables can be evaluated based on soluble sugar contents 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brassica rapa orphan genes largely affect soluble sugar metabolism

Jiang

Zhan

et al. 2020

Hortic Res

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Orphan genes (OGs), which are genes unique to a specific taxon, play a vital role in primary metabolism. However, little is known about the functional significance of Brassica rapa OGs (BrOGs) that were identified in our previous study. To study their biological functions, we developed a BrOG overexpression (BrOGOE) mutant library of 43 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and assessed the phenotypic variation of the plants. We found that 19 of the 43 BrOGOE mutants displayed a mutant phenotype and 42 showed a variable soluble sugar content. One mutant, BrOG1OE, with significantly elevated fructose, glucose, and total sugar contents but a reduced sucrose content, was selected for in-depth analysis. BrOG1OE showed reduced expression and activity of the Arabidopsis sucrose synthase gene (AtSUS); however, the activity of invertase was unchanged. In contrast, silencing of two copies of BrOG1 in B. rapa, BraA08002322 (BrOG1A) and BraSca000221 (BrOG1B), by the use of an efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system of Chinese cabbage (B. rapa ssp. campestris) resulted in decreased fructose, glucose, and total soluble sugar contents because of the upregulation of BrSUS1b, BrSUS3, and, specifically, the BrSUS5 gene in the edited BrOG1 transgenic line. In addition, we observed increased sucrose content and SUS activity in the BrOG1 mutants, with the activity of invertase remaining unchanged. Thus, BrOG1 probably affected soluble sugar metabolism in a SUS-dependent manner. This is the first report investigating the function of BrOGs with respect to soluble sugar metabolism and reinforced the idea that OGs are a valuable resource for nutrient metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brassica rapa orphan genes largely affect soluble sugar metabolism

Jiang

Zhan

et al. 2020

Hortic Res

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“…In actual rice cultivation, N fertilizer is typically used as a panicle fertilizer to improve rice yield and N use e ciency (Zhang et al 2012;Sun et al 2014). Recent research has revealed that Cd concentrations in Chinese cabbage treated with ammonium or urea are signi cantly lower than that treated with single application under similar total amount of N fertilizer (Fan et al 2017). However, information regarding Cd uptake by rice under different basal and topdressing ratios of N fertilizer is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Application Practices to Reduce Cd Concentration in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Grains

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Cd pollution in paddy soils creates challenges in rice grain production, thereby threatening food security. The effectiveness of different base-tillering-panicle urea application ratio and the combined basal application of urea and Chinese milk vetch (CMV, Astragalus sinicus L.) in minimizing Cd accumulation in rice grains was explored in a Cd-contaminated acidic soil via a field experiment. The results indicated that under similar N application rates, an appropriate amount of urea applied at the panicle stage or the combined basal application of urea and CMV decreased Cd absorption by rice roots and its accumulation in rice grains, as compared with that of conventional N application (control). Furthermore, under a 3:4:3 base-tillering-panicle urea application ratio or for basal application of CMV at high levels, Cd concentrations in brown rice were significantly lower (40.7% and 34.1%, respectively) than that of control. Cd transport coefficient from root to straw was significantly higher than that of control when an appropriate amount of urea was applied at the panicle stage or urea and CMV were applied basally, whereas the Cd transport coefficient from straw to brown rice was relatively lower. Moreover, soil pH, or the concentrations of CEC and CaCl2-Cd under different N fertilizer treatment was not significantly different. However, rice grain yield increased by 29.4% with basal application of a high amount of CMV compared with that of control. An appropriate amount of urea applied at the panicle stage or the combined basal application of urea and CMV decreased Cd absorption by rice roots and inhibited its transport from straw to brown rice, thus reducing Cd concentration in brown rice. Therefore, combined with the key phase of Cd accumulation in rice, a reasonable urea application ratio or a basal application of high amounts of CMV can effectively reduce Cd concentration in brown rice.

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“…Various strategies, such as split nitrogen application in form of ammonium or urea fertilizer, are being adopted for vegetable cultivation in Cd-contaminated soil (Fan et al, 2017), but still Cd has the highest pollution index in China (Niu et al, 2013) and is known for its carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects on human health. Despite being a non-essential element for plant metabolism, Cd uptake by the roots and transportation to the shoot can easily be accomplished in plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of jasmonic acid in improving tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to Cd toxicity

Ali

Hussain

Shamsi

et al. 2018

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:The well-known detrimental effects of cadmium (Cd) on plants are chloroplast destruction, photosynthetic pigment inhibition, imbalance of essential plant nutrients, and membrane damage. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an alleviator against different stresses such as salinity and drought. However, the functional attributes of JA in plants such as the interactive effects of JA application and Cd on rapeseed in response to heavy metal stress remain unclear. JA at 50 µmol/L was observed in literature to have senescence effects in plants. In the present study, 25 µmol/L JA is observed to be a "stress ameliorating molecule" by improving the tolerance of rapeseed plants to Cd toxicity. JA reduces the Cd uptake in the leaves, thereby reducing membrane damage and malondialdehyde content and increasing the essential nutrient uptake. Furthermore, JA shields the chloroplast against the damaging effects of Cd, thereby increasing gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, JA modulates the antioxidant enzyme activity to strengthen the internal defense system. Our results demonstrate the function of JA in alleviating Cd toxicity and its underlying mechanism. Moreover, JA attenuates the damage of Cd to plants. This study enriches our knowledge regarding the use of and protection provided by JA in Cd stress.

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Effects of split applications of nitrogen fertilizers on the Cd level and nutritional quality of Chinese cabbage

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

Brassica rapa orphan genes largely affect soluble sugar metabolism

Brassica rapa orphan genes largely affect soluble sugar metabolism

Nitrogen Application Practices to Reduce Cd Concentration in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Grains

Role of jasmonic acid in improving tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to Cd toxicity

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