“…In fact, different thermal spray processes such as wire arc spray, plasma transfer arc, atmospheric plasma spray, as well as HVOF were applied to the internal area of the cylinder liners [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Kincarid and Witherspoon [ 11 ] developed the pulse Arc-Spray for the production of Al and Fe-based alloys.…”