Effects of starvation on life span and embryo development of four morphs of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)

Tsuji, Hiroo; Kawada, Kazuo

doi:10.1303/jjaez.31.36

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Most of these differences reflect the different life styles of the two phenotypes, as the winged morphs are equipped with an elaborate sensory system for flight and host plant location. Consistent with this theme, winged forms are also more resistant to starvation (Tsuji and Kawada, 1987b;Hazell et al, 2005).…”

Section: Differences Between Winged and Wingless Aphid Morphsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…In general, the winged phenotype differs from the wingless phenotype by showing longer nymphal development, longer pre-reproductive adult period, longer reproductive period, lower offspring production, and prolonged longevity (Noda, 1960;MacKay and Wellington, 1975;Campbell and Mackauer, 1977;Tsuji and Kawada, 1987b;Tsumuki et al, 1990). In addition, in response to shortened photoperiod, winged females tend to produce mainly sexual females whereas wingless females produce both sexual females and males (MacKay et al, 1983;Nunes and Hardie, 1996).…”

Section: Differences Between Winged and Wingless Aphid Morphsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wing dimorphism in aphids

et al. 2006

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Many species of insects display dispersing and nondispersing morphs. Among these, aphids are one of the best examples of taxa that have evolved specialized morphs for dispersal versus reproduction. The dispersing morphs typically possess a full set of wings as well as a sensory and reproductive physiology that is adapted to flight and reproducing in a new location. In contrast, the nondispersing morphs are wingless and show adaptations to maximize fecundity. In this review, we provide an overview of the major features of the aphid wing dimorphism. We first provide a description of the dimorphism and an overview of its phylogenetic distribution. We then review what is known about the mechanisms underlying the dimorphism and end by discussing its evolutionary aspects.

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Section: Differences Between Winged and Wingless Aphid Morphsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Differences Between Winged and Wingless Aphid Morphsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wing dimorphism in aphids

et al. 2006

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“…Most of these differences reflect the different lifestyles of the two morphs. For example, the winged morphs are equipped with an elaborate sensory system for flight and host plant location, and they are also more resistant to starvation (Tsuji and Kawada, 1987b ; Hazell et al, 2005 ). In addition, the morphological differences between the winged and wingless phenotypes are usually correlated with differences in the ecological significance of each morph.…”

Section: Wing Polyphenism In Aphidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid polyphenisms: trans-generational developmental regulation through viviparity

2014

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Polyphenism, in which multiple discrete phenotypes develop from a single genotype, is considered to have contributed to the evolutionary success of aphids. Of the various polyphenisms observed in the complex life cycle of aphids, the reproductive and wing polyphenisms seen in most aphid species are conspicuous. In reproductive polyphenism, the reproductive modes can change between viviparous parthenogenesis and sexual reproduction in response to the photoperiod. Under short-day conditions in autumn, sexual morphs (males and oviparous females) are produced parthenogenetically. Winged polyphenism is observed in viviparous generations during summer, when winged or wingless (flightless) aphids are produced depending on a variety of environmental conditions (e.g., density, predators). Here, we review the physiological mechanisms underlying reproductive and wing polyphenism in aphids. In reproductive polyphenism, morph determination (male, oviparous or viviparous female) within mother aphids is regulated by juvenile hormone (JH) titers in the mothers. In wing polyphenism, although JH is considered to play an important role in phenotype determination (winged or wingless), the role is still controversial. In both cases, the acquisition of viviparity in Aphididae is considered to be the basis for maternal regulation of these polyphenisms, and through which environmental cues can be transferred to developing embryos through the physiological state of the mother. Although the mechanisms by which mothers alter the developmental programs of their progeny have not yet been clarified, continued developments in molecular biology will likely unravel these questions.

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“…they can have wings or be unwinged [5]. Winged aphids are specialized for dispersal through flight, as they have a more developed sensory system, are more resistant to starvation and live longer [6], [7]. These features are assumed beneficial for locating new habitats and host plants by winged aphids in a complex environment; each aphid species feeds on a restricted range of host plants and thus the locating, landing and quick initialisation of reproduction on suitable host plants is imperative to the fitness of the aphid [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These features are assumed beneficial for locating new habitats and host plants by winged aphids in a complex environment; each aphid species feeds on a restricted range of host plants and thus the locating, landing and quick initialisation of reproduction on suitable host plants is imperative to the fitness of the aphid [8]. Winged aphids have also been shown to have reduced fecundity and longer developmental times, which is likely due to the increased energy cost of having wings [6], [9], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Cues for Winged Morph Production in an Aphid Metacommunity

2013

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Environmental factors can lead individuals down different developmental pathways giving rise to distinct phenotypes (phenotypic plasticity). The production of winged or unwinged morphs in aphids is an example of two alternative developmental pathways. Dispersal is paramount in aphids that often have a metapopulation structure, where local subpopulations frequently go extinct, such as the specialized aphids on tansy (Tanacetum vulgare). We conducted various experiments to further understand the cues involved in the production of winged dispersal morphs by the two dominant species of the tansy aphid metacommunity, Metopeurum fuscoviride and Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria. We found that the ant-tended M. fuscoviride produced winged individuals predominantly at the beginning of the season while the untended M. tanacetaria produced winged individuals throughout the season. Winged mothers of both species produced winged offspring, although in both species winged offspring were mainly produced by unwinged females. Crowding and the presence of predators, effects already known to influence wing production in other aphid species, increased the percentage of winged offspring in M. tanacetaria, but not in M. fuscoviride. We find there are also other factors (i.e. temporal effects) inducing the production of winged offspring for natural aphid populations. Our results show that the responses of each aphid species are due to multiple wing induction cues.

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Effects of starvation on life span and embryo development of four morphs of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Wing dimorphism in aphids

Wing dimorphism in aphids

Aphid polyphenisms: trans-generational developmental regulation through viviparity

Multiple Cues for Winged Morph Production in an Aphid Metacommunity

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