Effects of static pressure, pressurization, and depressurization on n‐heptane pool fires in an airplane cargo compartment

Li, Cong; Yang, Rui; Yao, Yina; Tao, Zhenxiang; Zhu, Paikun; Zhang, Hui

doi:10.1002/fam.2694

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The random error was mainly caused by radiation loss from the thermocouple joint. According to a previous study, 19 with thermocouples, 2 mm in diameter, radiation inaccuracy for corrected flame temperature based on energy balance shows fuel temperature measurement uncertainty of less than 5% in the temperature range 300 K to 1000 K. For uncertainty components that are caused by fuel temperature, total temperature measurement error is much lower than the flame temperature as a result of the low temperature of the fuel itself. The experiments were repeated for each group as a means of enhancing reliability.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A pressure chamber is able to simulate different pressure environments by controlling airflow and the USTC has established a small simulation chamber in Hefei 15–17 . Tsinghua University has established a plateau simulation chamber, similar to the cargo hold of an aircraft, in Kangding 18–21 . Experimental studies have shown that fuel combustion characteristics change at a different rate to pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation on RP‐3 aviation kerosene large‐scale pool fires at high altitude

et al. 2022

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RP‐3 aviation kerosene is a standard fuel that is used in civil aircraft and is a substitute for Jet‐A fuel. This paper investigates the combustion behaviour of RP‐3 aviation kerosene in an open space in the low‐pressure environment of a plateau. A series of large‐scale pools with diameters ranging from 0.4 m to 2.82 m combustion experiments are performed. Typical combustion characteristic parameters, including combustion rate, flame height and axial plume temperature distribution is measured. Results show that a low‐pressure environment significantly affects pool fires. With combustion rate, there is a linear variation law between oil pool size and combustion rate. The experimental data are fitted as a means of obtaining the large‐scale combustion rate relationship equation at low pressure. Experimental flame height data is compared using classical prediction models. Prediction model coefficients at low pressure are determined. The axial plume temperature distribution is greater than in the literature findings due to flames becoming longer in a low‐pressure environment. The three regimes in McCaffery's model are redefined and correlate well with the vertical temperature profile of the pool centreline. The results of the experimental investigation will help research fire hazards in low‐pressure environments while also contributing to the provision of basic data for the development of firefighting operation strategies.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on RP‐3 aviation kerosene large‐scale pool fires at high altitude

et al. 2022

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“…Achievements about the fire burning behaviors under low air pressure are mostly obtained based on pool fire test. Abundant evidences have shown that fire behaviors are inherently different in a low‐pressure environment: reduction in burning rate and heat release rate, elongated flame shape 10‐21 . Research works about combustion characteristic of pool fire has made considerable progress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the burning behavior of cardboard box fire under low air pressure

Shao

Wan

et al. 2020

Fire and Materials

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Summary The objective of this work is to study the fire behavior characteristics under low pressures. Cardboard box fire experiments of two kinds of fire load, 1‐box and 2‐box fires, were conducted separately at 101 kPa, 75 kPa, 64 kPa, and 59.5 kPa in an altitude chamber. The heat release rate, mass burning rate, residual ash mass and radiative heat flux were measured as the principal characteristic parameters for analysis. The results of these tests demonstrated the significant effects on fire behaviors caused by low‐pressure atmosphere. The mass burning rate shows power function growth with the air pressure as truem˙/D∼P2L30.305. The proportion of residual ash increases linearly with the pressure drop, and it reaches as high as 44% for 1‐box fire at 59.5 kPa. While the proportion of residual ash for 2‐box fire is lower compared with 1‐box fire, which means the combustion of 2‐box fire is more complete. The effective heat of combustion (EHC) obtained for 101 kPa, 75 kPa, 64 kPa, and 59.5 kPa are respectively 18.44, 17.08, 15.10, and 12.74 kJ/g. Furthermore, the heat radiation fraction was calculated based on the simplified measuring method and it is observed that radiation fraction depends less on the environment pressure.

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“…Although flammable materials are limited strictly on commercial aircraft, potential fire risk still exists . In recent days, many researchers have investigated cargo compartment fire, including the ceiling temperature, smoke concentration, mass burning rate and fire flume characteristics under dynamic pressure, and ceiling temperature with different ceiling heights, with different inclined ceiling angles . FAA carried out four different minimum performance standard (MPS) fire tests to determine the required concentration levels that a Halon replacement need to meet to suppress cargo compartment fire…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental and modeling study of heat radiation characteristics of inclined ceiling jet in an airplane cargo compartment

et al. 2019

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Summary A series of pool fires were carried out in an airplane cargo compartment to investigate the effect of the pressure on the heat radiation flux (HRF) of the inclined ceiling jet fire. During the tests, different static chamber pressures ranging from 50 to 101 kPa were controlled by the air flow in and out; both free fire and inclined ceiling jet fire were conducted with five different heat release rates (HRRs), which were produced by a 17‐cm square porous gas burner using propane as fuel. Vertical flame temperature, thermal plume temperature beneath the inclined ceiling, and HRF to the horizontal floor were measured and analyzed; at the same time, the flame shape was recorded by a video. It was found that the HRF was increased with the HRR, and there was a sudden rise for these fire impinging on the ceiling. The flame radiation fraction had a weak correlation with the environment pressure, while the flame emissivity was increased with the increasing ambient pressure. Besides, on the basis of the assumption that the flame emissivity is equaled in both free flame and the inclined ceiling jet fire, HRF calculated model was established and compared with the experimental results.

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Effects of static pressure, pressurization, and depressurization on n‐heptane pool fires in an airplane cargo compartment

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Experimental investigation on RP‐3 aviation kerosene large‐scale pool fires at high altitude

Experimental investigation on RP‐3 aviation kerosene large‐scale pool fires at high altitude

Experimental study on the burning behavior of cardboard box fire under low air pressure

An experimental and modeling study of heat radiation characteristics of inclined ceiling jet in an airplane cargo compartment

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