Anaerobic digestion
is an important way for maintaining sewage
sludge stability, reduction, and resource recovery. However, the low
organic content generally limits methane production. Recently, thermal
hydrolysis has been widely used for sludge pretreatment to improve
the anaerobic digestion efficiency. Generally, an increased temperature
is preferred to enhance the solubility of organic matters in the sludge.
However, high energy requirement comes with increased temperature.
Application of low-temperature thermal treatment could overcome this
drawback. However, the appropriate low-temperature pretreatment time
is still uncertain. In this study, an extended contact time with low
thermal pretreatment (90 °C) was chosen to realize a more efficient
and economical digestion process of low-organic content sludge. The
results demonstrated that the solubilization of proteins and carbohydrates
was significantly promoted by the contact time-extended thermal hydrolysis
pretreatment. The following anaerobic digestion efficiency of low-organic
content sludge was also dramatically improved with the prolonged contact
time. The maximum methane production could reach around 294.73 mL/gVS
after 36 h of 90 °C treatment, which was 5.56 times that of the
untreated groups. Additionally, based on the energy balance calculation,
extending the thermal hydrolysis time resulted in a more economically
feasible anaerobic digestion than increasing the temperature. The
dewatering properties and the stability of the heavy metals were also
reinforced, implying the advanced deep utilization of the digested
low-organic content sludge. In conclusion, sludge pretreated by low-temperature
thermal hydrolysis with a prolonged contact time could be more effective
for low-organic content sludge treatment and disposal.