“…With the increase of the loading load level, the damage evolution rate and internal damage degree of 3D woven composites mesoscopic components increases. 31,32 In this study, at a load of 270 N, the internal damage degree of composites was the greatest, the interface performance was more severe, and the reduction of bending fatigue life was the greatest. However, under the load of 198 N, the damage degree of the specimen was reduced, the damage evolution time of the specimen increased, and the reduction of bending fatigue life of the composite was reduced.Figure 5.Flexural stress-life curve of 3D woven composites.…”
In this study, the effect of salt–fog spray corrosion environment on bending fatigue properties of three-dimensional (3D) woven composites was investigated. Three test environmental conditions, namely a normal environment, two cycles of salt–fog spray corrosion environment, and four cycles of salt–fog spray corrosion environment, were designed. In addition, the salt–fog spray corrosion mechanism, the bending fatigue properties, damage mechanisms, and failure modes of 3D woven composites were studied. The results showed that the bending strength and bending modulus decreased by 5.5 and 9.3%, and 2.27 and 3.45% after two and four salt–fog spray cycles, respectively, compared with that of the normal environment. The bending fatigue properties of 3D woven composites were related to the applied stress and salt–fog spray cycles. The salt–fog spray environment was responsible for the degradation of the interface bonding strength. The maximum reduction ratio of bending fatigue life after salt–fog spray treatment exceeded 70%. The brittle fracture characteristics of 3D woven composite yarn were more pronounced with an increase in salt–fog spray aging cycles.
“…With the increase of the loading load level, the damage evolution rate and internal damage degree of 3D woven composites mesoscopic components increases. 31,32 In this study, at a load of 270 N, the internal damage degree of composites was the greatest, the interface performance was more severe, and the reduction of bending fatigue life was the greatest. However, under the load of 198 N, the damage degree of the specimen was reduced, the damage evolution time of the specimen increased, and the reduction of bending fatigue life of the composite was reduced.Figure 5.Flexural stress-life curve of 3D woven composites.…”
In this study, the effect of salt–fog spray corrosion environment on bending fatigue properties of three-dimensional (3D) woven composites was investigated. Three test environmental conditions, namely a normal environment, two cycles of salt–fog spray corrosion environment, and four cycles of salt–fog spray corrosion environment, were designed. In addition, the salt–fog spray corrosion mechanism, the bending fatigue properties, damage mechanisms, and failure modes of 3D woven composites were studied. The results showed that the bending strength and bending modulus decreased by 5.5 and 9.3%, and 2.27 and 3.45% after two and four salt–fog spray cycles, respectively, compared with that of the normal environment. The bending fatigue properties of 3D woven composites were related to the applied stress and salt–fog spray cycles. The salt–fog spray environment was responsible for the degradation of the interface bonding strength. The maximum reduction ratio of bending fatigue life after salt–fog spray treatment exceeded 70%. The brittle fracture characteristics of 3D woven composite yarn were more pronounced with an increase in salt–fog spray aging cycles.
“…To obtain elastic constants in any direction, a fourth-order tensor transformation needs to be applied to the elastic flexibility matrix. 49,50 The general transformation is expressed as follows:…”
Section: Calculation Of Elastic Propertiesmentioning
Three‐dimensional (3D) orthogonal woven composites can overcome the drawback of weak interlaminar strengths in traditional laminated composites and exhibit excellent resistance to out‐of‐plane impact, however, the significant difference in properties in the in‐plane orthogonal direction will limit the potential range of application thereof. Predicting elastic properties and exploring methods of adjustment are therefore of paramount importance. Using computed tomography (CT) scanning to obtain detailed parameter models, a corresponding dual‐scale model of microscopic representative volume element (RVE) and mesoscopic RVE was established, and the accuracy of the model was experimentally validated, which can predict the elastic properties of materials. In addition, the influences of the yarn fiber volume fraction and weaving distance on elastic properties were evaluated using the elastic modulus visualization method, and a formula integrating these two factors is provided for adjustment of the in‐plane orthogonal Young's modulus.Highlights
Experimentally validated microscale and mesoscale RVE models were established.
The influences of factors on elastic properties were visualized.
The relationship between Young's modulus and influencing factors was derived.
A reliable strategy for adjusting the in‐plane Young's modulus was proposed.
“…The basis of 3D textile production relies on the placement of Z yarn technology in the thickness of fabric. While the binding warp yarns connect the weft layers in the 3D woven fabrics, 4,5 the Z yarn is inserted into the fabric layers by the needles in the 3D tufted 6,7 or stitched 8,9 fabrics. Moreover, it is possible to obtain 3D textiles by the using of knitting, 10,11 braiding 12,13 or non- woven 14,15 production technologies.…”
Orienting or placing the yarns at the third direction of three dimensional (3D) textiles may improve or degrade the in- plane mechanical properties of 3D composites. In the previous study, the bending and out- of- plane mechanical properties of 3D composites were comprehensively investigated. As the controversial results can be clarified in the literature, the study was extended to investigate the in and off- axes mechanical properties of 3D composites. The tensile and in- plane shear properties of 3D carbon woven, 3D carbon multi- axis warp knitted, and 3D carbon stitched fabrics were comparatively examined from dry structure to the composite. In addition, a carbon traditional laminated composite was produced and tested to make a comparison. According to the load bearing capacity of 3D textiles from dry structure to the composite, the 3D woven fabric shown the worst performance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
