Effects of Stocking Density on Some Behavioral and Some Blood Biochemical Parameters in Camel during the Rut Period

Mohammed, A. A.; Mohamed, Ramadan Dardier; Osman, Ahmed H.

doi:10.21608/ejvs.2020.24526.1153

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In domestic ruminants, normal rumination patterns are disrupted in case of distress, diets high in carbohydrates, and stressful events [ 40 ]. Similarly, in camels, rumination was found to be less expressed when in distress, such as in animals housed in high-density pens [ 42 ]. Despite the limited observation time, the shorter duration of rumination in camels of Group 1 in the sun may be a sign of distress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Need Shaded Areas? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha

Zappaterra

Menchetti

Costa

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study aimed at documenting whether dromedary camels have a preference for shade and how their behavior would change depending on the presence of shade and variable space allowance. A total of 421 animals kept in 76 pens (66 with shelter (Group 1), and 10 without shelter (Group 2)) at the camel market in Doha (Qatar) were recorded for 1 min around 11:00 a.m. when the temperature was above 40 °C. The number of animals in the sun and shade and their behaviors were analyzed using an ad libitum sampling method and an ad hoc ethogram. The results of a chi-square test indicated that camels in Group 1 had a clear preference for shade (p < 0.001). The majority of Group 1 camels were indeed observed in the shade (312/421; 74.11%). These camels spent more time in recumbency and ruminating, while standing, walking, and self-grooming were more commonly expressed by the camels in the sun (p < 0.001). Moreover, locomotory stereotypic behaviors (i.e., pacing) increased as space allowance decreased (p = 0.002). Based on the findings of this pilot study, camels demonstrated a preference for shade; shade seemed to promote positive welfare, while overcrowding seemed to trigger stereotypy and poor welfare. Overall, our preliminary results are novel and provide evidence that shaded areas are of paramount importance for camel welfare. Further research, involving designed studies at multiple locations is needed to confirm these results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Need Shaded Areas? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha

Zappaterra

Menchetti

Costa

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…However, based on the current knowledge of the camel species, the proposed tool emphasized positive welfare states and human factors according to the Five Domains Model (49,50) and proposed indicators ad hoc for camels. Among the proposed welfare indicators, some were already validated in camels [e.g., BCS; (47)], others were selected based on their good feasibility, repeatability, and reliability demonstrated in other species (42,51) and the current knowledge of camel ethology, physiology, and pathology (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). The proposed protocol assesses camel welfare applying a multidisciplinary approach (14,43), suggesting several indicators for each welfare principle assessed at three different levels, namely Caretaker, Herd, and Animal (Figure 1 and Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A combination of animal-, resource-and management-based measures were preferred for inclusion in this protocol as commonly done in the literature (20). The list of indicators was further refined using the experience in the field of the researchers to cover all aspects of camel welfare and consulting articles published on camel physiology, ethology, husbandry, and pathology (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). The literature review included only papers written in English.…”

Section: Selection Of Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The space allowance could preclude the animal from having an adequate space to rest comfortably leading to various welfare concerns. El Shoukary et al (36) showed that overstocking resulted not only in reduced lying and rumination time but also in increased serum cortisol concentration, feed competition, aggressive behavior and production losses. Camel's resting time may also be related to the presence and type of rubbish and bedding.…”

Section: Definitions Of Possible Camel's Responses During An Approaching Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The First Protocol for Assessing Welfare of Camels

Padalino

Menchetti

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to develop and describe a protocol for assessing welfare in camels reared in intensive or semi-intensive systems. A literature review was conducted searching for scientific papers on assessment of animal welfare and camel behavior, management, physiology, and pathology. The paradigms of Five Freedoms, the Five Domains Model, and the welfare principles and criteria applied by the Welfare Quality® and AWIN methods were then adapted to camels. A combination of animal-, resource- and management-based indicators were selected and categorized according to three levels of assessment: (i) Caretaker, (ii) Herd, and (iii) Animal. The Caretaker level is an interview of 23 questions exploring the caretaker's background, experience, and routine management practices. The Herd level is a check of the herd and of the place (i.e., box/pen) where camels are kept. The Animal level is a visual inspection aiming at evaluating individual camel behavior and health status. The selected indicators are presented for each welfare principle and level; for instance for the principle of “Appropriate nutrition,” feeding management is investigated at Caretaker level; feed availability and quality, the number of feeding points, and camel feeding behavior are recorded at Herd level, while body condition score (BCS) is evaluated at Animal level. In this study recording sheets for the assessment at the three levels are proposed and how to conduct the assessment is described. Limitations of the proposed protocol are also discussed. Further applications of this protocol for assessing camel welfare on a large number of farms is needed to validate the proposed indicators and identify the thresholds for their acceptability as well as to develop overall welfare indices and welfare standards in camels.

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“…Information about dominance relations between individuals was acquired via ad libitum recording of agonistic behavior following the premises described in literature [32][33][34].…”

Section: Rank Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Youngest, the Heaviest and/or the Darkest? Selection Potentialities and Determinants of Leadership in Canarian Dromedary Camels

Pastrana

González

Ciani

et al. 2021

Animals

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Several idiosyncratic and genetically correlated traits are known to extensively influence leadership in both domestic and wild species. For minor livestock such as camels, however, this type of behavior remains loosely defined and approached only for sex-mixed herds. The interest in knowing those animal-dependent variables that make an individual more likely to emerge as a leader in a single-sex camel herd has its basis in the sex-separated breeding of Canarian dromedary camels for utilitarian purposes. By means of an ordinal logistic regression, it was found that younger, gelded animals may perform better when eliciting the joining of mates, assuming that they were castrated just before reaching sexual maturity and once they were initiated in the pertinent domestication protocol for their lifetime functionality. The higher the body weight, the significantly (p < 0.05) higher the score in the hierarchical rank when leading group movements, although this relationship appeared to be inverse for the other considered zoometric indexes. Camels with darker and substantially depigmented coats were also significantly (p < 0.05) found to be the main initiators. Routine intraherd management and leisure tourism will be thus improved in efficiency and security through the identification and selection of the best leader camels.

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Effects of Stocking Density on Some Behavioral and Some Blood Biochemical Parameters in Camel during the Rut Period

Abstract: Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/ 28 stable containing 6 isolated boxes, side-by-side to enable the isolated camels to see and interact with each other [4].

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Need Shaded Areas? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha

Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Need Shaded Areas? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha

The First Protocol for Assessing Welfare of Camels

The Youngest, the Heaviest and/or the Darkest? Selection Potentialities and Determinants of Leadership in Canarian Dromedary Camels

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