Effects of stocking density on the growth performance and digestive microbiota of broiler chickens

Guardia, Sarah S.; Konsak, Barbara; Combes, Sylvie; Levenez, Florence; Cauquil, Laurent; Guillot, J.F.; Moreau-Vauzelle, Carole; Lessire, Michel; Juin, Hervé; Gabriel, Irène

doi:10.3382/ps.2010-01311

Cited by 111 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Results of numerous papers clearly indicate negative effects of high stocking densities not only on production performances and parameters of quality, but also on parameters considered reliable indicators of poultry health and welfare (Guardia et al, 2011;El-Gogary and Azzam, 2014). However, in this study, stocking density did not have a significant effect on quail performance, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio values.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Effects of supplementary choline on quail meat and fatty liver

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementary choline on amount of choline passing to quail meat and reduction of fat deposition in liver. A hundred and thirty-six one-day-old Japanese quails were divided into eight equal groups of 17 quails each. The experiment was designed based on completely randomized design in two controls and six treatment groups: high stocking density, basal diet, control group (HSD; control 1); normal stocking density, basal diet, control group (NSD; control 2); HSD, basal diet + 900 mg kg −1 choline (A); NSD, basal diet + 900 mg kg −1 choline (B); HSD, basal diet + 1800 mg kg −1 choline (C); NSD, basal diet + 1800 mg kg −1 choline (D); HSD, basal diet + 3600 mg kg −1 choline (E); and NSD, basal diet + 3600 mg kg −1 choline (F). Feeds and water were supplied ad libitum. Continuous light was provided. Quails were kept in cages of 50 × 100 cm in size. The choline content of quail meat increased with increasing amount of added choline to feed. The highest choline content (439.2 and 561.2 mg kg −1 ) in quail meat was detected in E and F groups which fed the 3600 mg kg −1 choline supplemented diet. The total lipid content of liver in E and F groups was reduced by 42% compared with the control groups. We recommend the use of supplementary choline that can improve the amount of choline passing to quail meat and reduction of fat deposition in liver.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Effects of supplementary choline on quail meat and fatty liver

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Increases in corticosterone release could have decreased the innate immunity of the gut, facilitating Salmonella invasion. High stocking density strongly affected the fingerprint profiles of the bacterial community, changing the commensal microbiota in the caeca of broiler chickens (Guardia et al, 2011) and leading to a loss of protection against pathogenic microorganism colonization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbiota disruption might have consequences on digestive tract physiology, growth performance and decreased intestinal immunity (Brisbin et al, 2008;Burkholder et al, 2008;Guardia et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies conducted on overcrowding stress showed decreased performance parameters; that is, decreased body weight gain, decreased feed intake and decreased food conversion in broiler chickens (Thaxton et al, 2005;Guardia et al, 2011). Mortality, leg problems, susceptibility to diseases and behavioural changes were related to stress conditions from overcrowding (Estevez, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Overcrowding stress is a reality in the poultry industry. Chickens exposed to long-term stressful situations present a reduction of welfare and immunosuppression. We designed this experiment to analyse the effects from overcrowding stress of 16 birds/m 2 on performance parameters, serum corticosterone levels, the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius, plasma IgA and IgG levels, intestinal integrity, macrophage activity and experimental Salmonella Enteritidis invasion. The results of this study indicate that overcrowding stress decreased performance parameters, induced enteritis and decreased macrophage activity and the relative bursa weight in broiler chickens. When the chickens were similarly stressed and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, there was an increase in feed conversion and a decrease in plasma IgG levels in the stressed and Salmonella-infected birds. We observed moderate enteritis throughout the duodenum of chickens stressed and infected with Salmonella. The overcrowding stress decreased the macrophage phagocytosis intensity and increased Salmonella Enteritidis counts in the livers of birds challenged with the pathogenic bacterium. Overcrowding stress via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that is associated with an increase in corticosterone and enteritis might influence the quality of the intestinal immune barrier and the integrity of the small intestine. This effect allowed pathogenic bacteria to migrate through the intestinal mucosa, resulting in inflammatory infiltration and decreased nutrient absorption. The data strengthen the hypothesis that control of the welfare of chickens and avoidance of stress from overcrowding in poultry production are relevant factors for the maintenance of intestinal integrity, performance and decreased susceptibility to Salmonella infection.

show abstract

“…Firstly, highdensity floor-housing ensures easy spread of excreted gut pathogens (Guardia et al, 2011). Secondly, due to improvements in genetics, broilers have become impressively capable at converting food into body weight and the gastrointestinal tract of these birds is highly efficient in absorbing nutrients (Havenstein et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and problems in vaccination against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Necrotic enteritis in broilers is caused by Clostridium perfringens type A strains that produce the NetB toxin. Necrotic enteritis is one of the gastrointestinal diseases in poultry that has gained worldwide importance during the last decade due to efforts to improve broiler performance. Prevention strategies include avoiding predisposing factors, such as coccidiosis, and in-feed supplementation with a variety of feed additives. However, vaccination with modified toxin or other secreted immunogenic proteins seems a logical preventive tool for protection against a toxin-producing bacterium. Formalin-inactivated crude supernatant has been used initially for vaccination. Several studies have been carried out recently to identify the most important immunogenic and protective proteins that can be used for vaccination. These include the NetB toxin, as well as a number of other proteins. There is evidence that immunization with single proteins is not protective against severe challenge and that combinations of different antigens are needed. Most published studies have used multiple dosage vaccination regimens that are not relevant for practical use in the broiler industry. Single vaccination regimens for 1-day-old chicks appear to be non-protective. This review describes the history of vaccination strategies against necrotic enteritis in broilers and gives an update on future vaccination strategies that are applicable in the field. These may include breeder hen vaccination, in ovo vaccination and live attenuated vectors to be used in feed or in drinking water

show abstract

Effects of stocking density on the growth performance and digestive microbiota of broiler chickens

Cited by 111 publications

References 47 publications

Effects of supplementary choline on quail meat and fatty liver

Effects of supplementary choline on quail meat and fatty liver

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

Progress and problems in vaccination against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About