Effects of Stress on Mouse β-Defensin-3 Expression in the Upper Digestive Mucosa

Kawashima, Rie; Shimizu, Tomoko; To, Masahiro; Saruta, Juri; Jinbu, Yoshinori; Kusama, Mikio; Tsukinoki, Keiichi

doi:10.3349/ymj.2014.55.2.387

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This partly sheds light on the downregulation of these immune genes after several weeks of exposure. We cannot disregard the potential oxidant-mediated immunosuppression in the nasal mucosa, as some of these transcripts have earlier been implicated in compromised immunity under oxidative stress in higher animal models [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Chemical Stressors Alter the Physiological State of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa of Atlantic Salmon

et al. 2020

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The olfactory organs of fish have vital functions for chemosensory and defence. Though there have been some ground-breaking discoveries of their involvement in immunity against pathogens in recent years, little is known about how they respond to non-infectious agents, such as exogenous oxidants, which fish encounter regularly. To this end, we employed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a model to study the molecular responses at the nasal olfactory mucosa of a teleost fish when challenged with oxidants. Microarray analysis was employed to unravel the transcriptional changes at the nasal olfactory mucosa following two types of in vivo exposure to peracetic acid (PAA), a highly potent oxidative agent commonly used in aquaculture: Trial 1: periodic and low dose (1 ppm, every 3 days over 45 days) to simulate a routine disinfection; and Trial 2: less frequent and high dose (10 ppm for 30 min, every 15 days, 3 times) to mimic a bath treatment. Furthermore, leukocytes from the olfactory organ were isolated and exposed to PAA, as well as to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and acetic acid (AA)—the two other components of PAA trade products—to perform targeted cellular and molecular response profiling. In the first trial, microarrays identified 32 differentially expressed genes (DEG) after a 45-day oxidant exposure. Erythrocyte-specific genes were overly represented and substantially upregulated following exogenous oxidant exposure. In Trial 2, in which a higher dose was administered, 62 DEGs were identified, over 80% of which were significantly upregulated after exposure. Genes involved in immune response, redox balance and stress, maintenance of cellular integrity and extracellular matrix were markedly affected by the oxidant. All chemical stimuli (i.e., PAA, H2O2, AA) significantly affected the proliferation of nasal leukocytes, with indications of recovery observed in PAA- and H2O2-exposed cells. The migration of nasal leukocytes was promoted by H2O2, but not much by PAA and AA. The three chemical oxidative stressors triggered oxidative stress in nasal leukocytes as indicated by an increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species level. This resulted in the mobilisation of antioxidant defences in the nasal leukocytes as shown by the upregulation of crucial genes for this response network. Though qPCR revealed changes in the expression of selected cytokines and heat shock protein genes following in vitro challenge, the responses were stochastic. The results from the study advance our understanding of the role that the nasal olfactory mucosa plays in host defence, particularly towards oxidative chemical stressors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Chemical Stressors Alter the Physiological State of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa of Atlantic Salmon

et al. 2020

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“…Stress- or corticoid-induced suppression of β-defensin-3 in the esophagus was detected in a diabetic mouse model [ 19 , 33 ]. Stress increases the level of endogenous corticoids, which causes the same AMP-suppressing effect as external corticoid administration [ 34 ]. However, increased expression of β-defensin-1 in the kidney tissue of diabetic rats has also been noted, and the contradicting results were explained by different stages of diabetic nephropathy [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Linn

Menges²,

Lammert

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are essential components of innate immunity with a broad range of antimicrobial activities against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The aim of this study was to investigate AMP expression in the upper gastrointestinal tract in normal and pathological metabolic states in humans. Furthermore, we examined the correlation between vitamin D levels and AMP expression in the same cohort. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were measured, and mRNA expression of β-defensins HBD-1, -2, -3, -4, α-defensins HD-5 and -6 and cathelicidin in the upper gastrointestinal tract epithelia were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in 31 individuals (10 with type 2 diabetes, 10 with insulin resistance, and 11 healthy controls). The majority of the cohort showed low vitamin D concentrations, which were negatively correlated with mRNA expression levels of HBD-3 in corpus mucosa. HBD-1 and HBD-3 mRNA were expressed in corpus mucosa, with the former significantly decreased in patients with diabetes. Hence, we conclude that type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced AMP expression in the upper gastrointestinal tract, which might contribute towards epithelial barrier dysfunction and increased bacterial translocation in these patients.

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Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the hepcidin gene from the convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) and its expression pattern in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge

Chi

Liao

Wang

et al. 2014

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The hepcidin gene is widely expressed in many fish species and functions as an antimicrobial peptide, suggesting that it plays an important role in the innate immune system of fish. In the present study, the Amatitlania nigrofasciata hepcidin gene (AN-hepc) was cloned from the liver and its expression during an immune response was characterized. The results of quantitative PCR and RT-PCR showed that the AN-hepc transcript was most abundant in the liver. The expression of AN-hepc mRNA was significantly increased in the liver, stomach, heart, intestine, gill and muscle but was not significantly altered in the spleen, kidney, brain or skin after lipopolysaccharide challenge. The synthetic AN-hepc peptide showed a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity in vitro toward gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In particular, this peptide demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against the aquatic pathogens Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae. The in vivo bacterial challenge results demonstrated that the synthetic AN-hepc peptide significantly improved the survival rate of S. agalactiae- and V. vulnificus-infected zebrafish. Taken together, these data indicate an important role for AN-hepc in the innate immunity of A. nigrofasciata and suggest its potential application in aquaculture for increasing resistance to disease.

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Effects of Stress on Mouse β-Defensin-3 Expression in the Upper Digestive Mucosa

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Oxidative Chemical Stressors Alter the Physiological State of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa of Atlantic Salmon

Oxidative Chemical Stressors Alter the Physiological State of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa of Atlantic Salmon

Altered Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the hepcidin gene from the convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) and its expression pattern in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge

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