Effects of structure on the ease of electron removal from o-phenylenediamines. 2. Photoelectron spectra of o-phenylenediamines

Abstract

vacuum oven at 100-110 °C overnight.Method B. The same O-alkylation procedure may be employed with a 25% solution of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. Two modifications are required in the previous experiment if this base is used. First, the reaction time is less than 1 day, and second, during the workup sodium nitrate (3-fold excess) is added just after neutralization to produce an anion-exchange reaction with the tetrabutylammonium salt. Since the quaternary ammonium nitrate is more water soluble than the corresponding halide derivative, the sodium nitrate addition lessens the time required to wash out the tetrabutylammonium byproduct. The sodium salts were readily removed by the hot water extractions. The Soxhlet extraction time is about the same with this modified procedure as before.