Effects of Subminimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Amoxicillin against<i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i>

Tanigawa, Masatoshi; Sawada, Takuo

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0450.2002.00604.x

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Regarding the respiratory bacteria, both P. multocida and A. pleuropneumoniae showed clear ECOFFs at 1.0 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively, and potentially resistance rates of 2.6% and 11.3%, respectively, above their ECOFFs (El Garch et al., ). Tanigawa and Sawada () showed that there was a sub‐MIC inhibitory effect at a quarter of the MIC for a particular strain of A. pleuropneumoniae , which disappeared when the amoxicillin was inactivated. At 1.25 times the MIC, there was a bactericidal effect seen even after 2 hours (hr).…”

Section: Pharmacodynamics Of Amoxicillinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LA formulation appears to go below by 24 hr (Agersø & Friis, 1998a) (see Figure 2). Other LA formulations (Tanigawa & Sawada, 2002) lasted over 36 hr. Both the LA formulation's amoxicillin concentrations were above the MIC 90 for S. suis of 0.06 μg/ml for 48 hr, at 0.07 and 0.15 μg/ml, respectively.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics Of Amoxicillin By Route Of Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that the PK results in healthy pigs might underestimate the plasma concentrations and the time above MICs achieved and thereby a better treatment effect might be seen. Tanigawa and Sawada () administered a LA formulation of amoxicillin at 15 mg/kg bodyweight IM, 22 hr before the administration of A. pleuropneumoniae intratracheally to a small test group of three pigs. The MIC for the strain used in the study was 0.4 μg/ml.…”

Section: Clinical Data and Field Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amoxicillin—current use in swine medicine

Burch¹,

Šperling

2018

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Amoxicillin has become a major antimicrobial substance in pig medicine for the treatment and control of severe, systemic infections such as Streptococcus suis. The minimum inhibitory concentration 90% (MIC 90) is 0.06 μg amoxicillin/ml, and the proposed epidemiological cut-off value (ECOFF) is 0.5 μg/ml, giving only 0.7% of isolates above the ECOFF or of reduced susceptibility. Clinical breakpoints have not been set for amoxicillin against porcine pathogens yet, hence the use of ECOFFs. It has also been successfully used for bacterial respiratory infections caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. The ECOFF for amoxicillin against A. pleuropneumoniae is also 0.5 μg/ml demonstrating only a reduced susceptibility in 11.3% of isolates. Similarly, P. multocida had an ECOFF of 1.0 μg/ml and a reduced susceptibility in only 2.6% of isolates. This reduced susceptibility disappears when combined with the beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid, demonstrating that it is primarily associated with beta-lactamase production. In contrast, amoxicillin is active against Escherichia coli and Salmonella species but using ECOFFs of 8.0 and 4.0 μg/ml, respectively, reduced susceptibility can be seen in 70.9% and 67.7% of isolates. These high levels of reduced susceptibility are primarily due to beta-lactamase production also, and most of this resistance can be overcome by the combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Currently, amoxicillin alone is considered an extremely valuable antimicrobial in both human and animal medicine and remains in the critically important category of antibiotics alongside the fluoroquinolones and macrolides by the World Health Organization as well as the third-and fourth-generation cephalosporins, but these cephalosporins show marked resistance to basic beta-lactamase production and are only destroyed by the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Amoxicillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid are currently classed together in Category 2 in the European Union. By reviewing the pharmacodynamic data and comparing this with pharmacokinetic data from healthy and infected animals and clinical trial data, it can be seen that the product has a good efficacy against S. suis and A. pleuropneumoniae, in spite of usage over many years. However, it may be much less efficacious on its own against E. coli, due to reduced susceptibility and resistance associated with betalactamase production, which is largely overcome by the use of clavulanic acid. It is felt that this differentiation may be useful in future classification of amoxicillin alone, in comparison with its combined use with clavulanic acid and thereby preserve the use of the more critically important antibiotics in veterinary medicine and reducing the risk of their resistance being transmitted to human.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the ...

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Section: Pharmacodynamics Of Amoxicillinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pharmacokinetics Of Amoxicillin By Route Of Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Data and Field Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amoxicillin—current use in swine medicine

Burch¹,

Šperling

2018

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…Similarly, a long PAE was described as well for H. influenzae isolates and amoxicillin-clavulanate (Thorburn and Moleswoth 1992). This observation might explain the already described strong sub-MIC effect of amoxicillin in an in vitro and in vivo study where it prevented 100% mortality of pigs in controls challenged by A. pleuropneumoniae and non-treated groups (Tanigawa and Sawada 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Post-antibiotic effect of marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin against selected respiratory pathogens of pigs

Nedbalcová¹,

Zouharová²,

Šperling³

2019

Vet. Med. - Czech

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The post-antibiotic effect is defined as the period of bacterial growth suppression that persists after a limited exposure of organisms to antimicrobials and knowledge of its duration is important in establishing and optimising current dosing schedules for the treatment of bacterial infections. The post-antibiotic effect of marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin were evaluated in vitro for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis and Pasteurella multocida strains which originated from clinical samples of diseased pigs and were confirmed as susceptible to all tested antimicrobials based on determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations. The post-antibiotic effect for individual antimicrobials was monitored at five and ten times minimum inhibitory concentrations for one and two hours. The duration of the post-antibiotic effect for tested antimicrobials was found to exhibit the following order for all tested pathogens: marbofloxacin > enrofloxacin > amoxicillin. The longest duration of post-antibiotic effect of all tested antimicrobials was found in A. pleuropneumoniae and the shortest post-antibiotic effect duration was detected in P. multocida. No statistical differences in post-antibiotic effect duration were found within marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin in A. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis strains. In P. multocida strains there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0189). On the other hand, the differences between amoxicillin and marbofloxacin or enrofloxacin were statistically significant in all cases (P-values ranged between 0.0058 and 0.008). The prolonged post-antibiotic effect of fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin on important Gram-negative swine pathogens was confirmed. The results can be used to clarify the effect and mechanism of action of antimicrobial drugs in veterinary medicine.

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“…, 1999; Marie et al. , 2002; Tanigawa & Sawada, 2002). When applied in vivo to pigs, AMO showed high activity against pathogens commonly seen in respiratory and digestive tracts, including Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (Agerso & Friis, 1998a; Lauritzen et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of a novel amoxicillin/colistin suspension after intramuscular administration in pigs

Tang

et al. 2011

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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An amoxicillin (AMO) or colistin (COS) oil suspension was developed and corresponding pharmacokinetics studies were conducted in pigs after i.m. injection. The combination product is a white- to cream-colored oil suspension which is easy to be re-dispersed. Settling volume ratio, syringeability and flowability of the product is well consistent with the technical standards set by the Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China. Two studies were conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the combination product in swine. First, the pharmacokinetics of the combination product was compared with those of the same products merely removing either AMO or COS. No significant change in the major pharmacokinetic parameters (C(max) , T(max) , MRT, t(1/2λ) , AUC and AUMC) was observed when either component was removed from the combination product, indicating that AMO and COS do not interfere with each other in their absorption and distribution in the tissue when used as a combination. Second, the pharmacokinetics of the combination product was compared with that of their respective single products. It was found that the apparent elimination half-lives (t(1/2λ) ) of AMO and COS in combination product were 6.38 and 8.09 h, which were 2.40 and 2.38 times longer than the single products, respectively. Thus, the novel AMO/COS suspension extended significantly the half-life of both drugs to maintain a longer drug residence time in pigs when compared to their single products.

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Effects of Subminimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Amoxicillin againstActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Amoxicillin—current use in swine medicine

Amoxicillin—current use in swine medicine

Post-antibiotic effect of marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin against selected respiratory pathogens of pigs

Pharmacokinetics of a novel amoxicillin/colistin suspension after intramuscular administration in pigs

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