Effects of substituting agro-industrial by-products for soybean meal on beef cattle feed utilization and rumen fermentation

Abstract

The purpose of the present investigation was to detect the effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with citric waste fermented yeast waste (CWYW) as an alternative protein source of portentous substances in a concentrate mixture diet of beef cattle on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, plasma urea-nitrogen, energy partitioning, and nitrogen balance. Four Thai-native beef bulls (170 ± 10.0 kg of initial body weight) were randomly allocated to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments were four levels of CWYW replacing SBM in a concentrated diet at ratios of 0, 33, 67, and 100%. SBM was added to the concentrate diet at a dose of 150 g/kg DM. All cattle were offered ad libitum rice straw and the concentrate diet at 5 g/kg of body weight. The study was composed of four periods, each lasting for 21 days. The findings demonstrated that there was no difference in total dry matter intake, nutritional intake, or digestibility between treatments (p > 0.05). When CWYW replaced SBM at 100% after 4 h of feeding, ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen, plasma urea nitrogen, and bacterial population were highest (p < 0.05). Volatile fatty acids and energy partitioning were not different (p > 0.05) among dietary treatments. Urinary nitrogen excretion was greatest (p < 0.05) for cattle fed CWYW to replace SBM at 100% of the concentrate. However, nitrogen absorption and retention for Thai-native cattle were similar (p > 0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, CWYW may be utilized as a substitute for SBM as a source of protein in Thai-native beef cattle without having an adverse impact on feed utilization, rumen fermentation characteristics, or blood metabolites.

Substituting effects of winged bean tuber-modified starches for cassava chip in concentrate diets on rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, and blood metabolites in Thai native beef cattle

“…In this investigation, the average values of nitrogen retention and absorption were 48.07 g/d (53.93 to 62.35) and 41.98 g/d (45.36 to 56.14), respectively, which were close to the range or utilizable for Thai-native cattle fed rice straw-based diets [13]. When substituting WBTS for CSC at 10 to 30% in the concentrate diet, it indicated greater N absorption and N retention.…”

“…In this study, the BUN levels ranged from 10.50 to 10.75 mg/dL, falling within the normal range for tropical ruminants, which typically varies from 6.30 to 25.50 mg/dL [13]. The concentration of ruminal NH3-N, as well as nutrition, age, and protein consumption, all have an impact on this range [13].…”

“…The GE of feed intake and feces was used to compute the digestible energy intake (DEI). All procedures for the calculation of apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and energy utilization were done according to the report of Suriyapha et al [13] following: Apparent digestibility (%) = (Nutrient intake -Nutrient in feces) × 100/Nutrient intake Apparent N absorption, g/day = Total N intake g/day − Fecal N g/day Apparent N retention, g/day = Total N intake g/day − Fecal N g/day + Urine N g/day where: GEI=gross energy intake; DEI=digestible energy intake; FE=fecal energy.…”

“…This could be explained by a greater N intake and lower N excretion. The levels of N intake and defecation are correlated with concentrates and higher CP levels, as well as their impact on N absorption and retention [13].…”

Effect of cassava pulp treated with Lactobacillus casei TH14, urea, and molasses on gas kinetics, rumen fermentation, and degradability using the in vitro gas technique

“…Currently, due to the limited availability of grazing space during the grazing season, livestock production is gradually increasing in order to feed caged cows freshly cut pasture on a daily basis; as a result, the need for adequate feed is an important issue [ 1 ]. Feedstuffs are necessary for total livestock productivity, especially in tropical locations during the summer in Thailand [ 2 , 3 ]. Furthermore, shortages have had a significant influence on production, both in terms of quality and quantity [ 4 ].…”