Effects of substrate preheating during direct energy deposition on microstructure, hardness, tensile strength, and notch toughness

Baek, Gyeong Yun; Lee, Ki Yong; Park, Sang-Hu; Shim, Do-Sik

doi:10.1007/s12540-017-7049-2

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Regarding the microstructures of the deposited M4, HWS, and HT-HWS, two regions of interest were observed: The deposited layer, including the coating and the dilution zones (Figure 6a,c,e), and the interface region ( Figure 6b,d,f). As in previous studies [10][11][12], the cellular dendrites were observed in the deposited layer ( Figure 6a) and columnar dendrites at the interface (Figure 6b) of the M4 deposited specimenthe respective microstructures that depend on the cooling rate of the melting pool. The EDS results show that the carbides at the interface and in the deposited layer came from the precipitation-related tungsten-molybdenum-chromium-rich MC series.…”

Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The hardness test, the wear test, and the impact test were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of the HWS deposited layer, and the method is described in more detail in a previous study [12]; hardness was performed by micro-hardness (Akashi Co., Tokyo, Japan). The hardness at each position was obtained by calculating the area of the indentation mark produced by a load of 980.7 mN for 10 s using the penetrator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Properties of Tool Steels with High Wear Resistance via Directed Energy Deposition

Baek

Shin

Lee

et al. 2019

Metals

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This study focused on the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of high-wear-resistance steel (HWS) deposited using directed energy deposition (DED) for metal substrate hardfacing or repairing. As post-deposition heat treatment changes the metallurgical characteristics of deposits, the effect of post-deposition heat treatment on the mechanical properties was investigated via microstructure observation and by conducting hardness, wear, and impact tests. The obtained micro-images showed that the deposited HWS layers exhibit cellular and columnar dendrites, and the microstructure of heat-treated HWS (HT-HWS) transformed its phase during quenching and tempering. The hardness and wear resistance of the HT-HWS deposits were higher than those of the HWS deposited specimen, whereas the latter exhibited a higher fracture toughness. The matrix microstructure and carbide characteristics, which are characterized by the chemical composition of the materials, significantly influenced the mechanical properties.

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Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Tool Steels with High Wear Resistance via Directed Energy Deposition

Baek

Shin

Lee

et al. 2019

Metals

Self Cite

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“…Firstly, the build process could be started with a specified substrate temperature. In the study by Baek et al (2017) examining the high-speed deposition of tool steel M4 on an AISI D2 substrate, it was found that by increasing the preheating temperature, the hardness increased while the strength and toughness decreases. Moreover, the tensile and impact properties deteriorated rapidly at excessively high preheating temperatures (greater than 500°C).…”

Section: Thermal Build Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of laser engineered net shaping (LENS) build and process parameters of metallic parts

Izadi

Farzaneh

Mohammed

et al. 2020

RPJ

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Purpose This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the laser engineered net shaping (LENS) process in an attempt to provide the reader with a deep understanding of the controllable and fixed build parameters of metallic parts. The authors discuss the effect and interplay between process parameters, including: laser power, scan speed and powder feed rate. Further, the authors show the interplay between process parameters is pivotal in achieving the desired microstructure, macrostructure, geometrical accuracy and mechanical properties. Design/methodology/approach In this manuscript, the authors review current research examining the process inputs and their influences on the final product when manufacturing with the LENS process. The authors also discuss how these parameters relate to important build aspects such as melt-pool dimensions, the volume of porosity and geometry accuracy. Findings The authors conclude that studies have greatly enriched the understanding of the LENS build process, however, much studies remains to be done. Importantly, the authors reveal that to date there are a number of detailed theoretical models that predict the end properties of deposition, however, much more study is necessary to allow for reasonable prediction of the build process for standard industrial parts, based on the synchronistic behavior of the input parameters. Originality/value This paper intends to raise questions about the possible research areas that could potentially promote the effectiveness of this LENS technology.

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“…Lu et al investigated the effects of the deposition path and the preheating temperature on the distortion's evolution and the residual stress in a Ti-6Al–4V thin-wall structure fabricated by a DED process using FEAs [ 19 ]. Baek et al carried out an experimental investigation of the effects of preheating of a D2 substrate on the microstructure, the hardness, the tensile strength, and the toughness of the M4 deposited part using a DED process [ 29 ]. They reported that an excessive preheating of the substrate causes the strength and the toughness to deteriorate [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baek et al carried out an experimental investigation of the effects of preheating of a D2 substrate on the microstructure, the hardness, the tensile strength, and the toughness of the M4 deposited part using a DED process [ 29 ]. They reported that an excessive preheating of the substrate causes the strength and the toughness to deteriorate [ 29 ]. Corbin et al examined the influence of the substrate thickness and the preheating temperature on the distortion of the Ti-6Al–4V part deposited by a DED process [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Deposition Strategy and Preheating Temperature on Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics of Inconel 718 Super-Alloy Deposited on AISI 1045 Substrate Using a DED Process

et al. 2021

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Thermomechanical characteristics are highly dependent on the deposition strategy of the directed energy deposition (DED) process, including the deposition path, the interpass time, the deposition volume, etc., as well as the preheating condition of the substrate. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the deposition strategy and the preheating temperature on thermomechanical characteristics of Inconel 718 super-alloy deposited on an AISI 1045 substrate using a DED process via finite element analyses (FEAs). FE models for different deposition strategies and preheating temperatures are created to examine the thermomechanical behavior. Sixteen deposition strategies are adopted to perform FEAs. The heat sink coefficient is estimated from a comparison of temperature histories of experiments and those of FEAs to obtain appropriate FE models. The influence of deposition strategies on residual stress distributions in the designed model for a small volume deposition is examined to determine feasible deposition strategies. In addition, the effects of the deposition strategy and the preheating temperature on residual stress distributions of the designed part for large volume deposition are investigated to predict a suitable deposition strategy of the DED head and appropriate preheating temperature of the substrate.

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Effects of substrate preheating during direct energy deposition on microstructure, hardness, tensile strength, and notch toughness

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Mechanical Properties of Tool Steels with High Wear Resistance via Directed Energy Deposition

Mechanical Properties of Tool Steels with High Wear Resistance via Directed Energy Deposition

A review of laser engineered net shaping (LENS) build and process parameters of metallic parts

Effects of Deposition Strategy and Preheating Temperature on Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics of Inconel 718 Super-Alloy Deposited on AISI 1045 Substrate Using a DED Process

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