Effects of Sudden Drop in Salinity on Osmotic Pressure Regulation and Antioxidant Defense Mechanism of Scapharca subcrenata

Zhang, Mo; Li, Li; Liu, Ying; Gao, Xiaolong

doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00884

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In this study, the CAT activity of red P. fucata was lowest after 12 h of low salt stress, but after 24 h of low salt stress, the CAT activity recovered and was significantly higher than that of the control, possibly because the SOD activity increased after 12 h of low salt stress produced a lot of H 2 O 2 to inhibit the CAT activity. The study of Zhang et al (2020) also shows that the increase of SOD expression level leads to excessive accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, thus inhibiting the function of CAT. In addition, as the second line of preserve against oxidative trauma, GSH-Px also has a significant role in cell metabolism and scavenging of free radicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Low and High Salinity Tolerance of Two Strains of Pinctada fucata

Sun

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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This study compares salinity tolerance between red and black shell Pinctada fucata salinity stress of 20 and 50‰, while 35‰ was used as a control. The hemolymph osmotic pressure, inorganic ion concentration, the activities of Na+-K+ -ATPase, respiratory metabolism related enzymes and liver tissue antioxidant related enzymes were measured at 12 and 24 h after salinity stress. The osmotic pressure and inorganic ion concentration of hemolymph of two strains P. fucata increased significantly with the increase of salinity. The activity of Na+-K+ -ATPase of red P. fucata only decreased under low salinity at 24 h, and was significantly higher than that the control under low salinity at 12 h and high salinity at 12 and 24 h. The succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities of the P. fucata treatment groups were significantly higher than those the control at 12 h. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased significantly with salinity at 12 h. and the black P. fucata LDH activity was significantly higher than the control at 24 h, while the LDH activity of red P. fucata was significantly lower than that the control in 50‰ salinity. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of black P. fucata was significantly lower than that the control, while that of red P. fucata was significantly higher than that the control within 24. At 12 h, the catalase (CAT) activity of red P. fucata increased significantly with salinity, but decreased significantly with salinity at 24 h. The CAT activity of black P. fucata was highest at 24 h under low salinity. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities of red P. fucata were significantly higher than those the control under low or high salinity. At high salinity for 24 h, the GSH-Px activity was lowest in black P. fucata, AKP activity was highest. The present study indicates that the physical responses of P. fucata to the salinity stress vary with shell colors. The red P. fucata can quickly respond positively to the change of environmental salinity and reduce the damage caused by the change of environmental salinity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Low and High Salinity Tolerance of Two Strains of Pinctada fucata

Sun

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…However, it seems possible that BW animals are generally better prepared for coping with environmental stress and thus express higher levels of protective proteins because their habitat generally undergoes more rapid and severe changes in abiotic parameters than that of FW animals. In Anadara kagoshimensis (identified as Scapharca subcrenata ) heat shock protein 20 was found to be upregulated when exposed to a sudden drop in salinity as means for osmotic volume regulation (Mo et al, 2020), whereas in Mytilus trossulus and M. galloprovincialis superoxide dismutase was upregulated during hypoosmotic stress to cope with increased ROS production (Tomanek, 2014). Other than inland freshwater lakes, the shallow water coastal zones of the Baltic Sea also undergo rapid changes in water temperature or salinity due to the acute weather conditions (sunshine, rain, wind).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the expression of soluble proteins in freshwater and brackish‐water ecotypes of the snail Theodoxus fluviatilis

Wiesenthal

Müller

Albrecht

et al. 2022

Invertebrate Biology

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The neritid snail Theodoxus fluviatilis has formed regional subgroups in northern Europe, where it appears in both freshwater (FW) and brackish water (BW) in coastal areas of the Baltic Sea. These ecotypes show clear differences in osmotolerance and in the modes of accumulating organic osmolytes under hyperosmotic stress. We reasoned that the expression patterns of soluble proteins in the two ecotypes may differ as well. BW snails have to deal with a higher salinity (up to 20‰) than FW snails (0.5‰) and also cope with frequent fluctuations in environmental salinity that occur after heavy rains or evaporation caused by extended periods of intense sunshine. Therefore, the protein expression patterns of specimens collected at five different FW and BW sites were analyzed using 2D SDS‐PAGE, mass spectrometry, and sequence comparisons based on a transcriptome database for Theodoxus fluviatilis. We identified 89 differentially expressed proteins. The differences in the expression between FW and BW snails may be due to phenotypic plasticity, but may also be determined by local genetic adaptations. Among the differentially expressed proteins, 19 proteins seem to be of special interest as they may be involved in mediating the higher tolerance of BW animals towards environmental change compared with FW animals.

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“…Subsequently, the muscles were dried in an oven at 60°C for 72 h. After drying, the muscles were weighed again to determine the dry muscle weight. Muscle fluid content was defined as (wet muscle weight-dry muscle weight/wet muscle weight) Â 100% (15).…”

Section: Limb Water Content Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking New Ground: Standardizing Rat Models for Crush Syndrome Investigations

Li,

Chen,

Yang

et al. 2023

Shock

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Crush syndrome (CS), alternatively termed traumatic rhabdomyolysis, is a paramount posttraumatic complication. Given the infeasibility of conducting direct simulation research in humans, the role of animal models is pivotal. Regrettably, the dearth of standardized animal models persists. The objective of this study was to construct a repeatable standardized rat CS models and, based on this, simulate specific clinical scenarios. Methods Using a self-developed multi-channel intelligent small-animal crush injury platform, we applied a force of 5 kg to the hind limbs of 8-week-old rats (280-300 g), subjecting them to a continuous 12 h compression to establish the CS model. Continuous monitoring was conducted for both the lower limbs and the overall body status. Following decompression, biochemical samples were collected at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. In addition, we created a CS model after resection of the left kidney (UNx-CS) which was conceptualized to simulate a more challenging clinical scenario to investigate the physiological and pathological responses rats with renal insufficiency combined with crush injury. The results were compared with those of the normal CS model group. Results Our experiments confirm the stability of the crush injury platform. We defined the standardized conditions for modeling, and successfully established rats CS model in bulk. After 12 h of compression, only 40% of the rats in the CS group survived for 24 h. Systemically, there was clear evidence of insufficient perfusion, reflecting the progression of CS from localized to generalized. The injured limbs displayed swelling, localized perfusion deficits, and severe pathological alterations. Significant changes were observed in blood biochemical markers: AST, LDH, K+, CK, CRE, and BUN levels rose rapidly post-decompression and were significantly higher than the sham group. The kidney demonstrated characteristic pathological changes consistent with established CS diagnostic criteria. Although the UNx-CS rat model did not exhibit significant biochemical differences and pathological scores when compared to the standard CS model, it did yield intriguing results with regard to kidney morphology. The UNx-CS group manifested a higher incidence of cortical and medullary protein casts compared to the NC-CS group. Conclusion We developed and iteratively refined a novel digital platform, addressing the multiple uncontrollable variables that plagued prior models. This study validated the stability of the platform, defined the standardized conditions for modeling, and successfully established the CS model with good repeatability in bulk. Additionally, our innovative approach to model a clinically challenging scenario, the UNx-CS rat model. This offers an opportunity to delve deeper into understanding the combined effects of pre-existing renal compromise and traumatic injury. In summary, the development of a standardized, reproducible CS model in rats represents a significant milestone in the study of crush syndrome. This study is of paramount significance as it advances the standardization of the CS model, laying a solid foundation for subsequent studies in related domains, especially in CS-AKI.

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Effects of Sudden Drop in Salinity on Osmotic Pressure Regulation and Antioxidant Defense Mechanism of Scapharca subcrenata

Cited by 21 publications

References 71 publications

A Comparative Study on Low and High Salinity Tolerance of Two Strains of Pinctada fucata

A Comparative Study on Low and High Salinity Tolerance of Two Strains of Pinctada fucata

Differences in the expression of soluble proteins in freshwater and brackish‐water ecotypes of the snail Theodoxus fluviatilis

Breaking New Ground: Standardizing Rat Models for Crush Syndrome Investigations

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