Effects of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter pollution on hospital admissions for hypertensive cardiovascular disease: A time series analysis

Abstract

Background and aims: Air pollution is a major environmental risk factor and the leading cause of disease burden with detrimental effects on cardiovascular systems. Cardiovascular diseases are predisposed by various risk factors, including hypertension, as the most important modifiable risk factor. However, there is a lack of sufficient data concerning the impact of air pollution on hypertension. We sought to study the associations of short-term exposure to Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10) with the number of daily hospital admissions of hypertensive cardiovascular diseases (HCD).Methods: All hospitalized patients between March 2010 to March 2012 were recruited with the final diagnosis of HCD based on the International Classification of Diseases 10 (codes: I10-I15) from 15 hospitals in Isfahan, one of the most polluted cities in Iran. The 24-hour average concentrations of pollutants were obtained from 4 monitoring stations. In addition to single- and two-pollutant models, we used Negative Binomial and Poisson models with covariates of holidays, dew point, temperature, wind speed, and extracted latent factors of other pollutants controlling for multi-collinearity to examine the risk for hospital admissions for HCD affected by SO2 and PM10 exposures in the multi-pollutant model.Results: A total of 3132 hospitalized patients (63% female) with a mean (standard deviation) age of 64.96 (13.81) were incorporated in the study. The mean concentrations of SO2 and PM10 were 37.64 μg/m3 and 139.08 μg/m3, respectively. Our findings showed that a significantly increased risk of HCD-induced hospital admission was detected for a 10 μg/m3 increase in the 6-day and 3-day moving average of SO2 and PM10 concentrations in the multi-pollutant model with a percent change of 2.11% (95% confidence interval: 0.61 to 3.63%) and 1.19% (0.33 to 2.05%), respectively. This finding was robust in all models and did not vary by gender (for SO2 and PM10) and season (for SO2). However, people aged 35-64 and 18-34 years were vulnerable to SO2 and PM10 exposure-triggered HCD risk, respectively.Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis of the association between short-term exposure to ambient SO2 and PM10 and the number of hospital admissions due to HCD.

Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease mortality in Anhui province: An individual-level case-crossover study

“…This is consistent with ndings from Wuhan City, where a 10 μg/m 3 increase in nitrogen dioxide corresponded to a 1.019 relative risk (RR) for CVD mortality (Liu et al 2015). In Iran, a similar pattern was observed for SO 2 , with a 2.11% rise in hypertension and CVD for every 10 μg/m 3 increase (Nouri et al 2023). Our research in Anhui Province, a region with signi cant air pollution challenges in China, re ects these trends.…”

The Effect of Extreme Temperature and Air Pollutant on Cardiovascular Disease in Ondo-State Nigeria

“…Nouri et al [15] examine the effects of brief exposure to sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10) on the number of daily hospital admissions for hypertensive cardiovascular disorders (HCD) in Isfahan, Iran, a city known for its high pollution levels. By employing sophisticated statistical models, researchers discover a notable rise in the likelihood of hospitalisations associated to HCD (Heart and Cardiovascular Diseases) when there are higher levels of both SO2 (Sulphur Dioxide) and PM10 (Particulate Matter 10).…”

“…To conduct a comprehensive risk assessment, it is crucial to investigate the synergistic effects of several pollutants seen in real-world exposure. This necessitates more research, as indicated by studies conducted by Lu and Wang [9] and Nouri et al [15]. Furthermore, there is a need for standardisation in the field of air pollution research modelling.…”

Impacts of varied industrial activities within southern Nigeria on air environment and human health

“…The mean levels of SO2 at all the locations examined except BPC and CCMY were higher than the recommended limit by FEPA [37] (Table 2). These levels of SO2 can affect the respiratory system; it can also cause asthma, coughing, bronchitis [42]. Consequently, the processing of crude oil, asphalt, and metals can discharge high levels of SO2 into the air environment.…”