Effects of Sunlight Glare on Drivers' Psychophysiological Characteristics

Gao, Han; Pei, Yulong

doi:10.1061/41064(358)110

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In addition, anticipatory constrictions may reduce the risk of bleaching of the photoreceptors and mitigate the painful constrictive reaction to blinding light (as seen in the metaphor of the Peanuts cartoon). Bright glare, in fact, might constitute a significant problem (for instance, in modern times it can be the cause of traffic accidents; e.g., Gao & Pei, 2009 ) and fast pupillary constrictions to dazzling, temporarily blinding, sunlight might have been evolutionarily selected to reduce its threat to survival. However, the present findings of equally consistent adjustments to illusory darkness, as mydriasis, may appear to limit the generality of such a “protective” account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Eye Pupil’s Response to Static and Dynamic Illusions of Luminosity and Darkness

2017

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Pupil diameters were recorded with an eye-tracker while participants observed cruciform patterns of gray-scale gradients that evoked illusions of enhanced brightness (glare) or of enhanced darkness. The illusions were either presented as static images or as dynamic animations which initially appeared as a pattern of filled squares that—in a few seconds—gradually changed into gradients until the patterns were identical to the static ones. Gradients could either converge toward the center, resulting in a central region of enhanced, illusory, brightness or darkness, or oriented toward each side of the screen, resulting in the perception of a peripheral ring of illusory brightness or darkness. It was found that pupil responses to these illusions matched both the direction and intensity of perceived changes in light: Glare stimuli resulted in pupil constrictions, and darkness stimuli evoked dilations of the pupils. A second experiment found that gradients of brightness were most effective in constricting the pupils than isoluminant step-luminance, local, variations in luminance. This set of findings suggest that the eye strategically adjusts to reflect in a predictive manner, given that these brightness illusions only suggest a change in luminance when none has occurred, the content within brightness maps of the visual scene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Eye Pupil’s Response to Static and Dynamic Illusions of Luminosity and Darkness

2017

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“…Specifically, a preparatory constriction to illusory light could have an important function by promoting behavior to avoid being “dazzled” by physical (real) light. In fact, glare can temporarily incapacitate sight and lead to life-threatening situations (e.g., it is a common cause of lethal traffic accidents; Gao and Pei, 2009 ). In general, by constricting its diameter, the pupil may moderate the amount of energy entering the eye, not only to optimize vision but also to protect the retina from excessive light exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Eye Pupil Adjusts to Illusorily Expanding Holes

Laeng

Nabil

Kitaoka

2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Some static patterns evoke the perception of an illusory expanding central region or “hole.” We asked observers to rate the magnitudes of illusory motion or expansion of black holes, and these predicted the degree of dilation of the pupil, measured with an eye tracker. In contrast, when the “holes” were colored (including white), i.e., emitted light, these patterns constricted the pupils, but the subjective expansions were also weaker compared with the black holes. The change rates of pupil diameters were significantly related to the illusory motion phenomenology only with the black holes. These findings can be accounted for within a perceiving-the-present account of visual illusions, where both the illusory motion and the pupillary adjustments represent compensatory mechanisms to the perception of the next moment, based on shared experiences with the ecological regularities of light.

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Effects of Sunlight Glare on Drivers' Psychophysiological Characteristics

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

The Eye Pupil’s Response to Static and Dynamic Illusions of Luminosity and Darkness

The Eye Pupil’s Response to Static and Dynamic Illusions of Luminosity and Darkness

The Eye Pupil Adjusts to Illusorily Expanding Holes

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