Effects of Supplemental Dietary Calcium on Quantitative and Qualitative Fecal Fat Excretion in Man

Welberg, Jwm; Monkelbaan, Jan F; Vries, Elisabeth G.E. de; Muskiet, Frits A. J.; Cats, A.; Oremus, Ethgj; Ek, Wytske Boersma-van; Rijsbergen, H. Van; Meer, Roelof van der; Mulder, Nanno; Kleibeuker, JH

doi:10.1159/000177810

Cited by 103 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Serum lipid levels have also an important role in the calcium metabolism. As previously described, calcium intake affects the body mass index (BMI) in different ways, the easiest of which, is the inhibition of lipid and free fatty acid absorption [13]. It seems that the most important effect of calcium is on the extracellular calcium control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Association of Serum Vitamin D Level and Serum Lipids Profile

Sadeghi

Eidi

Zamani

2018

ijcp

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Introduction: High level of vitamin D is associated with a better health status. The role of vitamin D deficiency in the incidence of cardiovascular events is demonstrated in previous studies. The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of vitamin D supplement therapy on serum lipids profile, as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The current prospective cohort study included 221 patients admitted to a university hospital from March 2014 to March 2015. The baseline levels of the patients′ serum vitamin D and lipid profile of the study subjects were recorded. After three months treatment with vitamin D, the patients′ serum vitamin D level and lipid profile were reevaluated. The results before and after the supplement therapy were compared using statistical methods. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.2 ± 14.0 years. The mean vitamin D level was 21.0 ± 16.6 ng/mL at baseline, which increased to 35.8 ± 32.7 ng/mL (P = 0.001) after a three-month vitamin D supplement therapy. Mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) decreased from 112.1 ± 30.0 to 98.7 ± 31.7 mg/dL (P = 0.003) after the supplement therapy. Mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased from 42.8 ± 11.2 to 44.5 ± 9.0 mg/dL, but the difference was insignificant before and after the treatment (P = 0.2). Mean cholesterol reduced from 183.8 ± 42.3 to 169.5 ± 41.9 mg/dL (P = 0.02) and the mean TG dropped from 147.5 ± 98.7 to 134.7 ± 71.1 mg/dL, (P = 0.1) after vitamin D intake. Conclusions:The mean levels of LDL and cholesterol significantly decreased during the three-month intervention; in addition, although some changes were observed in the level of HDL and TG, the differences were statistically insignificant. Further studies on larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Association of Serum Vitamin D Level and Serum Lipids Profile

Sadeghi

Eidi

Zamani

2018

ijcp

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“…6-8, 16 Shahkhalili et al 8 showed, in a crossover study, that supplementation of chocolate with 0.9W% calcium, as part of a diet providing 14E% protein and 39E% fat, resulted in a two-fold increase in total fecal fat excretion (4.4-8.4 g/day). This is somewhat similar to our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of short-term high dietary calcium intake on 24-h energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and fecal fat excretion

Jacobsen¹,

Lorenzen²,

Toubro³

et al. 2005

Int J Obes

233

186

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BACKGROUND:Observational studies have shown an inverse association between dietary calcium intake and body weight, and a causal relation is likely. However, the underlying mechanisms are not understood. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether high and low calcium intakes from mainly low-fat dairy products, in diets high or normal in protein content, have effects on 24-h energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation, fecal energy and fat excretion, and concentrations of substrates and hormones involved in energy metabolism and appetite. DESIGN: In all, 10 subjects participated in a randomized crossover study of three isocaloric 1-week diets with: low calcium and normal protein (LC/NP: 500 mg calcium, 15% of energy (E%) from protein), high calcium and normal protein (HC/NP: 1800 mg calcium, 15E% protein), and high calcium and high protein (HC/HP: 1800 mg calcium, 23E% protein). RESULTS: The calcium intake had no effect on 24-h EE or fat oxidation, but fecal fat excretion increased B2.5-fold during the HC/NP diet compared with the LC/NP and the HC/HP diets (14.2 vs 6.0 and 5.9 g/day; Po0.05). The HC/NP diet also increased fecal energy excretion as compared with the LC/NP and the HC/HP diets (1045 vs 684 and 668 kJ/day; Po0.05). There were no effects on blood cholesterol, free fatty acids, triacylglycerol, insulin, leptin, or thyroid hormones. CONCLUSIONS: A short-term increase in dietary calcium intake, together with a normal protein intake, increased fecal fat and energy excretion by B350 kJ/day. This observation may contribute to explain why a high-calcium diet produces weight loss, and it suggests that an interaction with dietary protein level may be important.

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“…Dietary supplementation with CaP has been shown to increase fecal fat excretion in rats and humans, probably through the formation of calcium soaps. 46,47 We cannot exclude that part of the effect of Orl and of CaP is based on the formation of calcium-fatty acid soaps and subsequent capture of UCB by these soaps. The low efficacy of CaP treatment during a HF diet, however, suggests that other mechanisms must be involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective oral treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn rats†

et al. 2005

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We sought to develop an oral treatment for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. In the Gunn rat model of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, dietary supplementation with the lipase inhibitor orlistat (Orl) or with calcium phosphate (CaP) decreases plasma unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) levels. We determined whether Orl, CaP, or their combination is superior to phototherapy, the conventional treatment, and whether the effects of Orl and CaP are influenced by dietary fat content. Gunn rats were treated with Orl (200 mg/kg chow), CaP (20 g/kg chow), Orl ؉ CaP, or continuous phototherapy (19 W/cm 2 /nm) during a low-fat (LF) diet (13 energy%) or high-fat (HF) diet (35 energy%). Plasma UCB and fecal fat excretion were measured before, during, and/or at the end of treatment. Orl treatment for 2 weeks (HF diet) reduced plasma UCB concentrations similar to phototherapy (؊34% and ؊28%, respectively); the combination of both was more effective than either treatment alone (؊48%; P < .001). After 3 weeks of a HF diet, plasma UCB was 46% lower compared with the LF diet (P < .001). Plasma UCB concentrations were negatively correlated with fecal fat excretion (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.96; P < .001). Irrespective of dietary fat content, 3 weeks of combined treatment (Orl ؉ CaP) decreased plasma UCB by approximately 50% (P < .01) and was more effective than phototherapy (P < .05) at the intensity provided. C rigler-Najjar disease is characterized by a permanent unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to absent (type I) or decreased (type II) activity of the hepatic enzyme bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. 1 Severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia can lead to bilirubin encephalopathy, kernicterus, and death. 2,3 Phenobarbital treatment can usually control unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in Crigler-Najjar type II patients via residual enzyme induction. 4,5 Phenobarbital is not effective in Crigler-Najjar disease type I, however, so these patients have to undergo daily phototherapy, which has considerable disadvantages. Phototherapy becomes less effective with age, probably due to skin alterations, 6,7 a decrease in the surface area to body mass ratio, 8 and a diminishing compliance to the intensive phototherapy regimen, which may take up to 12 hours per day. 6 To prevent irreversible brain damage due to kernicterus, many patients with CriglerNajjar disease type I undergo liver transplantation in their second decade. 9,10 We sought to develop an alternative treatment for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia based on oral administration and with equal or higher efficacy than phototherapy. The oral treatment strategy used in the present study is based on reducing the reabsorption of UCB 11,12 through intestinal capture. Reabsorption of UCB can contribute substantially to the pathogenesis

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Effects of Supplemental Dietary Calcium on Quantitative and Qualitative Fecal Fat Excretion in Man

Cited by 103 publications

References 14 publications

Association of Serum Vitamin D Level and Serum Lipids Profile

Association of Serum Vitamin D Level and Serum Lipids Profile

Effect of short-term high dietary calcium intake on 24-h energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and fecal fat excretion

Effective oral treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn rats†

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