Effects of supplemental UV‐B radiation on growth and leaf photosynthetic reactions of soybean (Glycine max)

Vu, C. V.; Allen, L. H.; Garrard, L.A.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1981.tb06054.x

Cited by 85 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…2C), it is concluded that higher UV-B radiation (16 kJ m −2 per day) has both direct and indirect effects on cotton leaf photosynthesis. Similar reductions in photosynthesis were observed in other crop species such as soybean (Vu et al, 1981) and rice (Teramura et al, 1990). Nogues et al (1999) also reached a similar conclusion that there is a direct effect of UV-B radiation on stomatal conductance in addition to that caused by changes in mesophyll photosynthesis of pea, Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis L.), and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) plants.…”

Section: Temporal Photosynthesis Trendssupporting

confidence: 60%

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Cotton responses to ultraviolet-B radiation: experimentation and algorithm development

Reddy

Kakani

Zhao

et al. 2003

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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The potential impact of an increase in solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation due to human activity on higher plants has been the subject of many studies. Little work has been carried out so far on cotton responses to enhanced UV-B radiation. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not the current and projected increases in UV-B levels affect cotton growth and development, and to quantify and develop UV-B radiation functional algorithms that can be used in simulation models. Two experiments were conducted during the summer of 2001 using sunlit plant growth chambers in a wide range of UV-B radiations under optimal growing conditions. Leaves exposed to UV-B radiation developed chlorotic and necrotic patches depending on the intensity and length of exposure. Along with changes in visible morphology, cotton canopy photosynthesis declined with increased UV-B radiation. The decline in canopy photosynthesis was partly due to loss of photosynthetic pigments and UV-B-induced decay of leaf-level photosynthetic efficiency (maximum photosynthesis) and capacity (quantum yield) as the leaves aged. The total leaf area was less due to smaller leaves and fewer leaves per plant. Less plant height was closely related to a shorter average internode length rather than a fewer mainstem nodes. The UV-B did not affect cotton major developmental events such as time taken to square, time to flower, and leaf addition rates on the mainstem. Lower biomass was closely related to both smaller leaf area and lower photosynthesis. The critical limit, defined as 90% of optimum or the control, for stem elongation was lower (8.7 kJ m −2 per day UV-B) than the critical limit for leaf expansion (11.2 kJ m −2 per day UV-B), indicating that stem elongation was more sensitive to UV-B than leaf expansion. The critical limits for canopy photosynthesis and total dry weight were 7 and 7.3 kJ m −2 per day, respectively. The identified UV-B-specific indices for stem and leaf growth and photosynthesis parameters may be incorporated into cotton simulation models such as GOSSYM to predict yields under present and future climatic conditions.

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Section: Temporal Photosynthesis Trendssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…necrotic patches could be attributed to the decrease in leaf chlorophyll content (up to 40%) on exposure to UV-B, which is widely reported (Smith et al, 2000;Strid and Porra, 1992;Vu et al, 1981).…”

Section: Effect Of Uv-b On Cotton Morphologymentioning

confidence: 67%

Cotton responses to ultraviolet-B radiation: experimentation and algorithm development

Reddy

Kakani

Zhao

et al. 2003

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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“…It has been demonstrated that UV-B radiation can decrease Hill reaction activity (3, 29,30) and variable fluorescence (13,19 In addition to nonstomatal conductance, a significant decrease in stomatal conductance followed UV-B irradiation. Although stomatal conductance accounted for only one-third of the total leaf diffusive conductance, it was highly correlated with the decrease in photosynthesis (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ultraviolet-B Irradiance on Soybean

Mirecki¹,

Teramura²

1984

Plant Physiol.

424

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ABSTRACISoybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Essex) were grown in a greenhouse, and the first trifoliate leaf was either allowed to expand under a high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) (1.4 millimoles per square meter per second) or a low PPFD (0.8 millimoles per square meter per second). After full leaf expansion, plants from each treatment were placed into a factorial design experiment with two levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (0 and 80 milliwatts per square meter biologically effective UV-B) effective UV-B radiation received at the earth's surface. Caldwell (7) estimated that a 1% decrease in stratospheric ozone concentration would result in an approximate 2% increase in UV-BBE2 radiation at temperate latitudes. Therefore, the recently projected 5 to 9% stratospheric ozone reduction (18) would result in up to a 19% increase in UV-BBE radiation.An increase in UV-B irradiance is of particular concern since energy in this waveband is readily absorbed by proteins and it has been demonstrated that plant processes such as photosynthesis (25), transpiration (7, 25), leaf expansion (10, 23, 26, 27), dark respiration (22,25), and biomass allocation (24) are affected. In the majority of UV-B studies, the UV-B dose utilized was 3-to 5-fold greater than the National Academy of Science's most recent estimates. Only a few studies have employed UV-B doses equivalent to less than a 20% reduction in the ozone layer. Nevertheless, these studies have also demonstrated the deleterious effects of UV-B irradiation upon plants (24)(25)(26)(27).In addition to unrealistically high UV-B irradiances, another criticism of many previous UV-B studies has been the low PPFD under which the plants were grown and irradiated. Only a few studies have examined the effects of UV-B radiation on plants grown under relatively high PPFDs, which more approximate natural conditions (24, 25). It was observed in a number of species that plants were less susceptible to UV-B-induced damage when grown under-high PPFDs-than under lower PPFDs, when all other conditions remained constant. This amelioration of UV-B-induced damage was attributed to photoprotection and photoreactivation.High PPFDs might also affect plant sensitivity to UV-B radiation by eliciting plant responses which provide absorbing screens from UV-B radiation. found that plants grown in the sun have greater concentrations offlavonoids in their leaves than shade plants. Several investigators (5,20,26,32) have shown that the flavonoid content of leaves increases after UV-B irradiation, providing a protective mechanism for the plant. Sun plants also have smaller, thicker leaves compared to shade-adapted plants (2, 9). Since UV-B radiation must penetrate the leaf to produce any damage, a thicker leaf might be more protected from damage by UV-B radiation. This suggests that plants grown in the sun could be more resistant to UV-Binduced damage than plants grown in the shade, simply due to anatomical/morphological differences in response to visible radiation.The purpose of this s...

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“…UV-B radiation may irreversibly damage PSII reaction centers (13,21,23) and such damage could be observed in reduced AQE or substrate regeneration limitations since the energy produced by the light reaction products (e.g. NADPH, ATP) is required to regenerate substrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Elevated Ultraviolet-B Radiation and CO₂ on Productivity and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Wheat, Rice, and Soybean

Teramura¹,

Sullivan²,

Ziska³

1990

Plant Physiol.

164

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Bannock), rice (Oryza sativa L.cv , and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr cv Essex) were grown in a factorial greenhouse experiment to determine if C02-induced increases in photosynthesis, biomass, and yield are modified by increases in ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation corresponding to stratospheric ozone depletion. The experimental conditions simulated were: (a) an increase in CO2 concentration from 350 to 650 microliters per liter; (b) an increase in UV-B radiation corresponding to a 10% ozone depletion at the equator; and (c) a and b in combination. Seed yield and total biomass increased significantly with elevated CO2 in all three species when compared to the control. However, with concurrent increases in UV-B and CO2, no increase in either seed yield (wheat and rice) or total biomass (rice) was observed with respect to the control. In contrast, CO2-induced increases in seed yield and total plant biomass were maintained or increased in soybean within the elevated C02, UV-B environment. Whole leaf gas exchange indicated a significant increase in photosynthesis, apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) and water-use-efficiency (WUE) with elevated CO2 in all 3 species. Including elevated UV-B radiation with high CO2 eliminated the effect of high CO2 on photosynthesis and WUE in rice and the increase in AQE associated with high CO2 in all species. Elevated CO2 did not change the apparent carboxylation efficiency (ACE) in the three species although the combination of elevated CO2 and UV-B reduced ACE in wheat and rice. The results of this experiment illustrate that increased UV-B radiation may modify C02-induced increases in biomass, seed yield and photosynthetic parameters and suggest that available data may not adequately characterize the potential effect of future, simultaneous changes in CO2 concentration and UV-B radiation.Current atmospheric levels of CO2 may double from 340 ,uL L-' to 680 ,uL L`by the middle of the 21st century (8).It is evident from a number of field and greenhouse experiments that increases in CO2 will have a significant effect on layer with subsequent increases in the amount of solar ultra- ( 17). In addition to CO2, other trace gases are also increasing as a result of industrialization. The rise of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N20) may substantially deplete the stratospheric ozone violet-B radiation (UV-B, between 290-320 nm) reaching the earth's surface (1,3). Although this predicted increase is small relative to the entire electromagnetic spectrum, UV-B has a disproportionately large photobiological effect due to its absorption by proteins and nucleic acids. In UV-B sensitive plants, photosynthetic capacity may be reduced directly by the effect of UV-B radiation on photosynthetic enzymes or disruption of PSII reaction centers, or indirectly by effects on photosynthetic pigments and stomatal function (9,13,19,20).Both CO2 and UV-B radiation are expected to increase simultaneously with future changes in global climate. To date...

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Effects of supplemental UV‐B radiation on growth and leaf photosynthetic reactions of soybean (Glycine max)

Cited by 85 publications

References 19 publications

Cotton responses to ultraviolet-B radiation: experimentation and algorithm development

Cotton responses to ultraviolet-B radiation: experimentation and algorithm development

Effects of Ultraviolet-B Irradiance on Soybean

Interaction of Elevated Ultraviolet-B Radiation and CO₂ on Productivity and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Wheat, Rice, and Soybean

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Effects of supplemental UV‐B radiation on growth and leaf photosynthetic reactions of soybean (Glycine max)

Cited by 85 publications

References 19 publications

Cotton responses to ultraviolet-B radiation: experimentation and algorithm development

Cotton responses to ultraviolet-B radiation: experimentation and algorithm development

Effects of Ultraviolet-B Irradiance on Soybean

Interaction of Elevated Ultraviolet-B Radiation and CO2 on Productivity and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Wheat, Rice, and Soybean

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Interaction of Elevated Ultraviolet-B Radiation and CO₂ on Productivity and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Wheat, Rice, and Soybean