Effects of supplementary ultraviolet-B irradiance on maize yield and qualities: a field experiment

Gao, Wei; Zheng, Yu; Slusser, James R.; Heisler, Gordon M.; Grant, Richard H.; Xu, Jianqiang; He, Douliang

doi:10.1562/2004-05-03-ra-156

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…S1B). Reduced chlorophyll content under supplemental UV-B irradiation has been reported for several other plant species as well (Kakani et al, 2003;Gao et al, 2004), which might be due to lowered biosynthesis or degradation of chlorophyll (Teramura, 1983).…”

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confidence: 83%

The Molecular and Physiological Responses ofPhyscomitrella patensto Ultraviolet-B Radiation

et al. 2010

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Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation present in sunlight is an important trigger of photomorphogenic acclimation and stress responses in sessile land plants. Although numerous moss species grow in unshaded habitats, our understanding of their UV-B responses is very limited. The genome of the model moss Physcomitrella patens, which grows in sun-exposed open areas, encodes signaling and metabolic components that are implicated in the UV-B response in flowering plants. In this study, we describe the response of P. patens to UV-B radiation at the morphological and molecular levels. We find that P. patens is more capable of surviving UV-B stress than Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and describe the differential expression of approximately 400 moss genes in response to UV-B radiation. A comparative analysis of the UV-B response in P. patens and Arabidopsis reveals both distinct and conserved pathways.Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280-315 nm) is intrinsic to sunlight reaching the surface of the earth. During the Phanerozoic period (within the last 545 million years), the levels of UV-B reaching the biosphere generally decreased (Rozema et al., 2009). In particular, the development of a stratospheric ozone layer filtering out all UV-C (less than 280 nm) and part of the UV-B radiation was likely a prerequisite for terrestrial plant life and accompanied by the development of phenolic sunscreens in plants (Rozema et al., 1997). During early land plant evolution, the divergence of the last common ancestor of bryophytes (comprising liverworts, true mosses, and hornworts) and vascular plants (comprising lycophytes, ferns, and seed plants) occurred shortly after the water-to-landtransition in the Ordovician period, at least 450 million years ago . If the level of UV-B reaching the ground was significantly higher at that time than today, it is to be expected that protective mechanisms and their corresponding signaling pathways evolved at that time and thus should be present in all land plants.Today, ambient UV-B radiation still has a broad effect on plants relying on sunlight for photosynthesis, and its level varies strongly with season and time of day as well as with latitude and altitude (Paul and Gwyn-Jones, 2003). As an environmental stress factor, it may evoke diverse damage to a broad range of cellular constituents, including DNA (Britt, 2004). However, plants in nature are seldom visibly damaged by UV-B but are generally rather well acclimated and thus protected. This largely results from effective repair and protection mechanisms (Frohnmeyer and Staiger, 2003;Ulm and Nagy, 2005;Jenkins, 2009). A common protective measure against UV-B radiation is the synthesis of secondary metabolites acting as UV-absorbing compounds and accumulating in the vacuoles of epidermal cells. These compounds are mostly phenolic, including flavonoids and sinapate esters, and are at least partly induced by UV-B (Jenkins, 2009;Stracke et al., 2010). Next to this protective sunscreen, plants contain effective DNA repair pathways, particularly inclu...

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confidence: 83%

The Molecular and Physiological Responses ofPhyscomitrella patensto Ultraviolet-B Radiation

et al. 2010

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“…In addition, both the magnitude and extent of these UV-B responses are influenced by a number of other factors, including the physiological and developmental status of the plant, as well as the amount and spectral composition of associated background radiation, in particular ultraviolet-A (UV-A) and visible radiation (Shinkle et al 2004). Furthermore, solar UV-B radiation exclusion studies have indicated that ambient levels of solar UV-B radiation reduce biomass accumulation and grain yield in cucumber (Krizet et al 1997), lettuce (Krizet et al 1998), barley (Mazza et al 1999), soybean (Mazza et al 2000), maize (Gao et al 2004) and rice (Hidema & Kumagai 2006). Taken together, the results of these studies suggest that the enhanced solar UV-B radiation predicted by atmospheric models will result in the reduction of growth and yield of crops in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of enzyme activities and expression of genes related to primary and secondary metabolism in response to UV-B stress in cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.)

Cantarello

Volpe

Azzolin

et al. 2005

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Exposure to UV-B at ambient or enhanced levels is known to trigger a variety of responses in all living organisms, including higher plants. Here we show that in Cucumis sativus L. UV-B radiation affects enzyme activity of key oxydative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGlu-DH), of key phenolic compounds enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) as well as erythrose-4-phosphate, tryptophan and tyrosine levels. Furthermore, we found an increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) in treated plants, with respect to the controls. In order to confirm the biochemical results, we isolated total RNA from both controls and UV-B treated plants to be used for gene expression analysis. We demonstrated that UV-B increases the gene expression level of peroxidase (POX ), catalase (CAT ) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL ). Finally, our results are useful for understanding protective strategies against UV-B radiation and for elucidating what components are involved in stress-induced signals within the plant.

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“…Previous work reported that increased UV-B radiation produce a significant reduction in dry matter accumulation and in consequence, affects yield. Also, an increase in flavonoid accumulation and a decrease in chlorophyll content in leaves and a reduction in protein level, sugar and starch of maize seeds was reported [24]. In 2011, Casati et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Functional analysis of the UVR8 photoreceptor from the monocot Zea mays

Lorenzo

Raúl

2019

Preprint

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Low UV-B fluence is a signaling stimulus that regulates various physiological processes and induces photomorphogenic responses. The specific UV-B receptor UVR8, is a key component in these processes. Although UVR8 sequence is conserved, few homologs from plants have been cloned and reported to be functional. Here we show the cloning and functional analysis of Zea mays UVR8 (ZmUVR8) a monocotyledon species. ZmUVR8 has 73% of identity to AtUVR8. Key tryptophan responsible of UV-B perception are conserved, as well as the VP domain, involved in the interaction with the proteins COP1 and RUP1. Whereas UVR8 is expressed in non-irradiated of both Arabidopsis and maize leaves, after 2h of UV-B irradiation its expression was reduced. The expression of chalcone synthase (CHS) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and regulated by UVR8, was increased in irradiated Arabidopsis and maize leaves. Arabidopsis uvr8-1 null mutant was complemented with ZmUVR8 driven by the CaMV-35S promoter and fused to eGFP. ZmUVR8-eGFP fusion was mainly localized in nuclei of transgenic lines, irrespective of UV-B treatments.Also, UV-B suppressed hypocotyl growth in WT Arabidopsis plants whereas uvr8-1 was impaired in this response. However, hypocotyl elongation was reduced in UV-B irradiated transgenic lines complemented with ZmUVR8. Moreover, CHS and transcription factor HY5 (ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5) expression were also restored in these plants. These results confirmed that ZmUVR8 is similar enough to AtUVR8 to restore UV-B perception and signaling in Arabidopsis mutant uvr8-1 being a functional UV-B photoreceptor.

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Effects of supplementary ultraviolet-B irradiance on maize yield and qualities: a field experiment

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

The Molecular and Physiological Responses ofPhyscomitrella patensto Ultraviolet-B Radiation

The Molecular and Physiological Responses ofPhyscomitrella patensto Ultraviolet-B Radiation

Modulation of enzyme activities and expression of genes related to primary and secondary metabolism in response to UV-B stress in cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.)

Functional analysis of the UVR8 photoreceptor from the monocot Zea mays

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