Effects of supplementing limiting amino acids on milk production in dairy cows consuming a corn grain and soybean meal-based diet

Abstract

Limiting amino acids (AAs) for milk production in dairy cows fed on a concentrate diet of corn grain and soybean meal was evaluated in this study. Four lactating and multiparous Holstein cows (in third or fourth parities, with an average body weight of 633 ± 49.2 kg), 8 to 9 weeks into their lactation period, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The experiment comprised four dietary treatments: (1) no intravenous infusion (control); (2) control plus intravenous infusion of an AA mixture of 6 g/d methionine, 19.1 g/d lysine, 13.8 g/d isoleucine, and 15.4 g/d valine (4AA); (3) control plus intravenous infusion of the AA mixture without methionine (no-Met); and (4) control plus intravenous infusion of the AA mixture without lysine (no-Lys). All animals were fed on a controlled diet (1 kg/d alfalfa hay, 10 kg/d silage, 14 kg/d concentrate mixture, ad libitum timothy hay). The AA composition of the diet and blood were determined using an automatic AA analyzer. Milk composition (protein, fat, lactose, urea nitrogen, and somatic cell counts) was determined using a MilkoScan. The results showed that feed intake for milk production did not differ from that of intravenous infusion using a limiting AA mixture. The 4AA treatment numerically had the highest milk yield (32.4 kg/d), although there was no difference when compared with the control (31.2 kg/d), no-Met (31.3 kg/d), and no-Lys (31.7 kg/d) treatments. The concentration of AAs in blood plasma of cows in all treatments, mainly isoleucine and valine, increased significantly compared with that of control. The no-Met treatment increased ( p < 0.05) the concentration of lysine in the blood relative to the control and no-Lys treatments, whereas the no-Lys treatment increased ( p < 0.05) the concentration of methionine relative to the control and no-Met treatments. In conclusion, milk production increased when feeding 10 g/d methionine to the cows, together with their concentrate diet of corn grain and soybean meal.

Effects of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine on Milk Performance and Oxidative Status of Dairy Ewes

“…Additionally, methionine has a pivotal role in the de novo short- and medium-chain FA synthesis in mammary cells, since it is a methyl donor for the transmethylation reactions in the biosynthesis of lipids [ 3 ]. Moreover, methionine and lysine are widely known as the first limiting AAs for milk protein synthesis in dairy ruminants as they constitute building blocks for caseins synthesis [ 7 , 9 ]. In this light, an increase in milk casein content has been related to improved cheese manufacturing assets in milk, including firmer curd formation and a shorter rennet coagulation interval [ 10 ].…”

Potential of Ipomea aquatica Hay and Its Phytochemical to Improve Performance and Health Status in Ruminants

“…The availability of amino acid sources is also important for milk production, the efficiency of nutrient utilization of the dairy cow is relatively low compared with monogastric animals, and this is particularly so with absorbed nitrogen (N) in the form of amino acids (AAs). Therefore, efforts have been made to balance AAs in the diet of dairy cows to produce more milk and milk protein (Park et al, 2020).…”

Yeast community composition impacts on tequila industry waste treatment for pollution control and waste-to-product synthesis

“…Therefore, carefully considering communities composition is a key factor for the optimization of this TV treatment method. Specific livestock species have particular amino acid feed needs in order to increase both the immune response of the living animals and the final product quality (Harms & Russell, 1993;Cheng et al, 2017;Park et al, 2020;Montout et al, 2021). Therefore, mixed yeast cultures may offer new alternatives to meet specific amino acid demands in the livestock industry, while simultaneously allowing for the reintegration of bio-based waste and nutrients into the value chain, following the principals of a circular bioeconomy (Carus & Dammer, 2018).…”