Effects of surface characteristics on the plantar shape of feet and subjects’ perceived sensations

Abstract

Orthotics and other types of shoe inserts are primarily designed to reduce injury and improve comfort. The interaction between the plantar surface of the foot and the load bearing surface contributes to foot and surface deformations and hence to perceived comfort, discomfort or pain. The plantar shapes of 16 participants' feet were captured when standing on three support surfaces that had different cushioning properties in the mid-foot region. Foot shape deformations were quantified using 3D laser scans. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the participant's perceptions of perceived shape and perceived feeling. The results showed that the structure in the mid-foot can change shape, independent of the rear-foot and forefoot regions. Participants were capable of identifying the shape changes with distinct preferences towards certain shapes. The cushioning properties of the mid-foot materials also have a direct influence on perceived feelings. This research has strong implications for the design and material selection of orthotics, insoles and footwear.

Disparity of a Seat Cushion and Its Influence on Postural Control

“…Properties of a cushion have an influence on perceived feeling of subjects and their discomfort [29]. The contact surface area and changes in the human-seat interface serve as an effective indicator in measuring static seating discomfort [9,30].…”

Safety shoes wearer s comfort perception and effects among manufacturing employees

“…the inside of a shoe), there will be interaction between the plantar surface of the foot and the surface on which the person stands. The interaction between the plantar surface, dorsal surface of the foot and the load-bearing surface, the whole body posture contributes to foot and surface deformations and hence to perceived comfort, discomfort, pain or fatigue (Witana et al 2009;Cham and Redfern, 2001;Kelaher et al 2000;King, 2002). High plantar pressures have been linked to foot pain and discomfort (Gardner et al 1988;Hodge et al 1999).…”

The impact of different footwear characteristics, of a ballet flat pump, on centre of pressure progression and perceived comfort

“…Yet interestingly, the round toe box shoe measured the smallest volume and narrowest width indicating that a smaller volume and width is perceived as more comfortable. Improved contact and sensory feedback from a snugger fitting shoe has been previously attributed to the wearer feeling more comfortable [5] as well as the material used to construct the upper [1]. All the tests shoes were made from leather but the stiffness and softness of the leather was not controlled.…”

“…The specific conditions that define a comfortable shoe and therefore good fit are not clear but the most frequent and significant findings for shoe comfort have been attributed to (1) a feeling of support from the upper, (2) foot-bed contact with the foot and (3) stability of the shoe as a whole [5]. Deviations away from any of these parameters may play a considerable role in influencing the perceived comfort level of the shoe, which, has been shown to be considered as a significant factor when purchasing new shoes [11].…”