Effects of Surface Modification and Moisture on the Rates of Charge Transfer between Metals and Organic Materials

Wiles, Jason A.; Fiałkowski, Marcin; Radowski, Michał R.; Whitesides, George M.; Grzybowski, Bartosz A.

doi:10.1021/jp0457904

Cited by 111 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…65 SPD of tribocharged surfaces has also been studied on PE, PTFE, and PET contacted by a bead of mercury and on PTFE, nylon, and aluminum rubbed with paper. 42,66 Oppositely charged domains on the surface of poly(oxymethylene), which are stable in time, were reported in Ref.…”

Section: B Related Literature Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squeezing out hydrated protons: low-frictional-energy triboelectric insulator charging on a microscopic scale

Knorr¹

2011

AIP Advances

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Though triboelectric charging of insulators is common, neither its mechanism nor the nature of the charge is well known. Most research has focused on the integral amount of charge transferred between two materials upon contact, establishing, e.g., a triboelectric series. Here, the charge distribution of tracks on insulating polymer films rubbed by polymer-covered pointed swabs is investigated in high resolution by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Pronounced bipolar charging was observed for all nine rubbing combinations of three different polymers, with absolute surface potentials of up to several volts distributed in streaks along the rubbing direction and varying in polarity on μm-length scales perpendicular to the rubbing direction. Charge densities increased considerably for rubbing in higher relative humidity, for higher rubbing loads, and for more hydrophilic polymers. The ends of rubbed tracks had positively charged rims. Surface potential decay with time was strongly accelerated in increased humidity, particularly for polymers with high water permeability. Based on these observations, a mechanism is proposed of triboelectrification by extrusions of prevalently hydrated protons, stemming from adsorbed and dissociated water, along pressure gradients on the surface by the mechanical action of the swab. The validity of this mechanism is supported by explanations given recently in the literature for positive streaming currents of water at polymer surfaces and by reports of negative charging of insulators tapped by accelerated water droplets and of potential built up between the front and the back of a rubbing piece, observations already made in the 19th century. For more brittle polymers, strongly negatively charged microscopic abrasive particles were frequently observed on the rubbed tracks. The negative charge of those particles is presumably due in part to triboemission of electrons by polymer chain scission, forming radicals and negatively charged ions

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Section: B Related Literature Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squeezing out hydrated protons: low-frictional-energy triboelectric insulator charging on a microscopic scale

Knorr¹

2011

AIP Advances

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“…2 We still do not fully understand how and why such charge generation occurs, 3,4 although considerable progress has been made, such as by considering the role of mechanochemistry 6,7 and the difference of the composite between the surface and the bulk, 2,4,5,8 to more closely reveal the CE charging mechanism. Many researchers have suggested that moisture adsorbed on the surface plays a role in CE 9 and the related ambient humidity is also thought to be particularly important for surface charging. 10 McCarty and Whitesides reported a study on the CE of ionic electrets, in which they elaborated on the role of water in CE and proposed a mechanism based on the theory of the electric double layer to explain charge transfer under ambient environments with different humidity levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Much work has investigated the effect of ambient RH once. 9,10,[13][14][15][16][17][18] However, existing studies significantly disagree about the effect of RH on CE: some results show that CE increases with increasing RH, 9 others show that CE decreases as RH is increased, [14][15][16][17] and more still state as RH increases, CE increases at lower RH, followed by decreases at higher RH. 18 In addition, the results of Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of humidity on contact electrification due to collision between spherical particles

et al. 2016

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This paper reports an experimental study of the contact electrification (CE) that happens when glass spheres of identical materials collide under different ambient relative humidity (RH) conditions. The experimental results indicate that the net charge on a sphere from a single collision is significantly altered by varying the RH level; the charge increases with increasing RH at low humidity, and then decreases at high RH conditions. The net charge reaches a maximum in the 20%–40% RH range. To explain the dependence of the CE on RH, we propose a model which yields predictions in agreement with the experimental data. The model also reveals how CE can be affected by temperature and surface absorption energy.

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“…For example, higher oxidation of polystyrene leads to lower contact angle (thus higher wettability) and determines the rate of charging (with the tribo-pairs formed by metals and organics) [81]. Other experiments confirm this relation by treating the surface with UV light to cause the contact angle change and then investigating the charging behavior [86].…”

Section: Humidity and Aciditymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…that the general trend of how tribo-charging is affected by this humidity-and acidity-introduced layer is not reached consensus yet [81][82][83].…”

Section: Humidity and Aciditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental theories and basic principles of triboelectric effect: A review

2018

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Long-term observation of the triboelectric effect has not only proved the feasibility of many novel and useful tribo-devices (e.g., triboelectric nanogenerators), but also constantly motivated the exploration of its mysterious nature. In the pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of how the triboelectric process works, a more accurate description of the triboelectric effect and its related parameters and factors is urgently required. This review critically goes through the fundamental theories and basic principles governing the triboelectric process. By investigating the difference between each charging media, the electron, ion, and material transfer is discussed and the theoretical deduction in the past decades is provided. With the information from the triboelectric series, interesting phenomena including cyclic triboelectric sequence and asymmetric triboelectrification are precisely analyzed. Then, the interaction between the tribo-system and its operational environment is analyzed, and a fundamental description of its effects on the triboelectric process and results is summarized. In brief, this review is expected to provide a strong understanding of the triboelectric effect in a more rigorous mathematical and physical sense.

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Effects of Surface Modification and Moisture on the Rates of Charge Transfer between Metals and Organic Materials

Cited by 111 publications

References 35 publications

Squeezing out hydrated protons: low-frictional-energy triboelectric insulator charging on a microscopic scale

Squeezing out hydrated protons: low-frictional-energy triboelectric insulator charging on a microscopic scale

Effect of humidity on contact electrification due to collision between spherical particles

Fundamental theories and basic principles of triboelectric effect: A review

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