Effects of Surface Modification on Adsorption Behavior of Cell and Protein on Titanium Surface by Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance System

Abstract

Primary stability and osseointegration are major challenges in dental implant treatments, where the material surface properties and wettability are critical in the early formation of hard tissue around the implant. In this study, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to measure the nanogram level amount of protein and bone marrow cells adhered to the surfaces of titanium (Ti) surface in real time. The effects of ultraviolet (UV) and atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment to impart surface hydrophilicity to the implant surface were evaluated. The surface treatment methods resulted in a marked decrease in the surface carbon (C) content and increase in the oxygen (O) content, along with super hydrophilicity. The results of QCM measurements showed that adhesion of both adhesive proteins and bone marrow cells was enhanced after surface treatment. Although both methods produced implants with good osseointegration behavior and less reactive oxidative species, the samples treated with atmospheric pressure plasma showed the best overall performance and are recommended for clinical use. It was verified that QCM is an effective method for analyzing the initial adhesion process on dental implants.

Advances in the superhydrophilicity-modified titanium surfaces with antibacterial and pro-osteogenesis properties: A review

“…A thin oxide layer, TiO 2 , was formed on the titanium surface when titanium was exposed to air, and the oxide layer surface generally absorbed organic hydrocarbon contaminants from the atmosphere ( Zhao et al, 2007 ; Att et al, 2009 ). Surface modification technologies can diminish hydrocarbon contamination, increase the content of functional OH groups on the material surface, and endow titanium with superhydrophilicity without altering the surface topography ( Choi et al, 2016 ; Matsumoto et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, treatments, such as UV irradiation and plasma treatment, can directly inactivate bacteria and biofilms on the titanium surface while obtaining superhydrophilicity ( Koban et al, 2011 ; Guo et al, 2021 ), thereby creating a sterile environment for implantation.…”

Evolution of anodised titanium for implant applications

“…Prior research has demonstrated the efficacy of quantifying mesenchymal proteins and bone-derived cells in surface-treated Ti implants [ 343 ], as inspired by the initial design of QCM system that mimics the denture materials which can quantify the amount of protein adsorbed to the engineered surface [ 344 ]. Their extended recent work demonstrates that QCM is a promising tool for measuring the nanogram level of protein and bone marrow cells attached to titanium surfaces in real time [ 345 ]. The results of QCM measurements revealed that surface treatment improved the adhesion of both proteins and bone marrow cells.…”

Effect of Plasma Treatment on Titanium Surface on the Tissue Surrounding Implant Material

“…These reactions activate the surface and improve the adhesiveness and wettability of the surface by Van der Waals force. Although few studies have examined the usefulness of both the methods, according to the latest research using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) system, Matsumoto et al examined it as a treatment for titanium surfaces [37]. When observed over time immediately after dropping onto the surface of the material, it was clarified that the material involved in osseointegration showed high adhesive strength on the surface of the plasma-treated titanium surface [37].…”