Effects of surfactant and nanofluid on the performance and optimization of a microchannel heat sink

Abstract

This paper reports the influence of surfactant Triton X-100 on boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) nanofluid in non-optimized and optimized microchannel heat sink (MCHS) at 30⁰ C and 50⁰ C. The MCHS performance was evaluated in terms of thermal resistance and pressure drop, utilizing experimental thermophysical properties of distilled water, a mixture of distilled water and surfactant Triton X-100 as base fluid, and nanofluid BNNTs at weight concentration of 0.001% into MCHS models which further optimized with the Multiple Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) technique. It is found that the surfactant at 30⁰ C improves MCHS thermal capabilities without nanotubes by 0.8% even after optimizing MCHS according to the fluid properties. Conversely, surfactant Triton X-100 reduces pressure drop greatly with any change in thermal resistance at 50⁰ C and paired cooperatively with BNNTs nanofluid 0.001wt.% -mitigating pressure drop increment caused by the nanofluid resulting an overall performance improvement by 1.25% and 1.97% for thermal resistance and pressure drop respectively in MCHS systems and reduced to 1.3% and 3.2% after optimization. Optimized MCHS dimensions given by MOPSO could be manufactured and additionally gave wider solutions for large reduction of pressure drop up to 80% for economic MCHS with a drawback of higher thermal resistance.

RETRACTED: Study of thermal characteristics of energy efficient micro channel heat sinks in advanced geometry structures and configurations: A review

“…To maximize the surface available for heat transmission, several microchannel geometries such as circular, rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal designs (Figure 1) have been used in the creation of microchannel heatsinks (Liu et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022). They also employed high-thermal-conductivity materials including copper, aluminum, and silicon to build the microchannel heatsinks (Figure 2) (Japar et al, 2018;Jennings and Smith, 2020;Shamsuddin et al, 2021). A mixture of two materials was also examined in order to overcome the attachment flaws with electronic chips.…”

Optimization of a boron nitride nanotubes nanofluid-cooled microchannel heat sink at different concentrations

“…The unit has dimensions of L= 1cm, W=1 cm, H c = 320 m, t = 213 m, and H of 533 m [1]. The model applied here follows that used by many previous researchers [1,3,8,13,17,19,22,23,25]. A constant heat flux is assumed on the bottom of the MCHS while the top is covered with an adiabatic plate.…”

“…A recent study had looked at the effect of surfactant, an additive needed to stabilize the nanoparticles in a nanofluid, on the thermal performance and pressure drop in a MCHS [23]. At 30C, a significant increase in the thermal performance of the boron nitride nanotube (BNN) nanofluid-cooled MCHS studied was observed after the addition of the surfactant Triton X-100, with no change after adding the nanoparticles.…”

Entropy analysis in a second‐grade nanoliquid influenced by an exponential space‐dependent heat source and Arrhenius activation energy

“…22 Nanofluid dynamics with heat transfer characteristics problems are also discussed by the other authors such as in. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] .…”

“…Effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion are obtained from the two‐phase model of the convective transport of nanofluids and this is introduced by the Buongiorno 22 . Nanofluid dynamics with heat transfer characteristics problems are also discussed by the other authors such as in 23–35 …”