Effects of surfactant on properties of magnetic fluids for biomedical application

Abstract

Biocompatible magnetic fluids are applied for medical diagnosis and therapy. In this work, magnetic particles were prepared and then were coated with various 2nd surfactants for obtaining the water-based magnetic fluids by chemical coprecipitation. Toxicity of each fluid sample was estimated using SpragueDawley rats. Finally, the used samples resulted in severe toxic reactions through in vitro, indicating that all samples can not be seen as biocompatible agents or suggesting the possibilities of another effects.1 Introduction Recently, the synthesis of magnetic materials in nanoscale has become a field of intense study due to the novel mesoscopic properties shown by particle dimension located in the transition region between atoms and bulk solids. Based on their unique physical, thermal, and mechanical properties, superparamagnetic nanoparticles offer a high potential for several applications in different areas such as ferrofluids, color imaging, magnetic refrigeration, detoxification of biological fluids, magnetically controlled transport of anti-cancer drugs, magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement and magnetic cell separation [1][2][3][4].A difficulty related to the nature of ferrofluids is that the nanoparticles with a large ratio of surfacearea to volume tend to agglomerate in order to reduce their surface energy by strong magnetic dipoledipole attraction between particles. Therefore, one of the main problems in producing stable magnetic fluid is to prevent the agglomeration during synthesis and coating processes [5]. Since ionic magnetic fluids are usually toxic materials, the coated layer using a biological molecule such as citrate would provide some protection against toxicity [6].Thus, the purpose of this work was to investigate the toxicity of each surfactant coated magnetic fluid through intravenous administration in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Preparation of biodegradable magnetic microspheres with poly(lactic acid)-coated magnetite

“…To minimize this energy the particles tend to aggregate and form large clusters. To counteract these unwanted behaviors, different coating materials such as polyethylene glycole/polyacrylic acid (PEG/PAA) [17], starch [18], citric acid [19], oleic acid [20], decanoic acid and nonanoic acid [21] have been applied to magnetite nanoparticles to make a stable colloidal dispersion.…”

Canopy Dynamics in Nanoscale Ionic Materials

“…The ability to tailor multiple components makes NIMS a particularly versatile class of nanomaterials that can be designed to meet the specific requirements of many diverse materials and device applications. Consequently, NIMS are promising candidates for thermal management materials, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] nanocomposite materials, novel reaction solvents, [19][20] magnetic fluids, [21][22] and conductive lubricants. [6][7][8] For example, our laboratory has reported on Au-and Pt-based NIMS employed as conductive lubricants that markedly improved the durability of RF-MEMS contacts.…”

Toxicity estimation of magnetic fluids in a biological test

“…Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl 3 Á 6H 2 O, 499%) and ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl 2 Á 4H 2 O, 499%) were used as an Fe source and ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH, 499%) as an alkali source, and the stirring was continuously carried out to 80 1C. In order to minimize the dipole-dipole reaction between magnetic particles, decanoic acid was adsorbed onto the particles as the first surfactant, and starch, citric acid, decanoic acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and alginic acid were applied as the second surfactants [8].…”