Effects of Sympathetic Conversation on Electroencephalogram, Stress, Anxiety-Depression, and Muscle Tone in Chronic Stroke Patients^*

Could Self-Control and Emotion Influence Physical Ability and Functional Recovery after Stroke?

“…These are consistent with previous studies. Studies found that negative emotions decreased the muscle strength and could adversely affect the physical function [ 36 , 40 , 48 , 49 ]. Other studies reported a negative correlation between depression and functional ability and motor skills in stroke patients [ 93 , 94 ].…”

“…The subjects were required to meet the following inclusion criteria: (1) patients with hemiplegia following a first unilateral stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) [ 52 ]; (2) acute stroke patients within three months after the stroke; (3) patients had a mini-mental state examination-Korean (MMSE-K) score of 24 or greater, indicating no cognitive impairment [ 8 ]; (4) patients could understand and follow the therapist’s directions [ 53 ]; (5) patients could participate sufficiently in conversation [ 36 ]; (6) the ability to stand and walk 10 m. People were excluded from the study if they had other neurological conditions in addition to stroke, had unstable cardiovascular disease, or had other serious diseases that precluded participation in the study [ 54 ].…”

“…Positive emotional states may promote healthy perceptions, beliefs, and physical well-being. Recently, many studies focused on the physical function and emotional problems in stroke patients [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. This is because psychological factors greatly influence the physical and functional activities [ 40 ].…”

“…Several theories have proposed that high positive emotion is related to increased recovery following an acute medical event [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Other studies found that negative emotions decreased muscle strength and could adversely affect the physical function [ 36 , 40 , 48 , 49 ]. In addition, many studies reported that negative emotions, such as depression, anxiety, emotionalism, and post-traumatic stress disorder interfere with recovery and cause stroke patients to lack the motivation to participate in rehabilitation, leading to decreased participation in ADL [ 20 , 50 , 51 ].…”