Effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on intra‐oral mechanoreceptor activity in the cat

Cash, R. M.; Rj, Linden

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014313

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Numerous reports have indicated that catecholamines can modulate the activity of several somatic and visceral afferent inputs, and effects of opposite sign have been reported for different receptors (references in Akoev, 1981, and. In particular, various receptors in the teeth and periodontal structures are modulated by sympathetic stimulation (Matthews, 1976;Cash & Linden, 1982;Passatore & Filippi, 1983;Aars, Brodin & Bj0rnland, 1988) and the existence of sympathetic fibres innervating the temporomandibular joint has been recently reported (Widenfalk & Wiberg, 1990). It has also been reported (Shyu, Olausson, Huang, Widerstr6m & Andersson, 1989) that sensory information carried by certain populations of C fibres is reduced by activation of the sympathetic system, due to an action exerted on impulse transmission in the peripheral nerve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the tonic vibration reflex in rabbit jaw closing muscles.

Grassi

Deriu

Passatore

1993

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. In precollicular decerebrate rabbits we investigated the effect of sympathetic stimulation, at frequencies within the physiological range, on the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) elicited in jaw closing muscles by small amplitude vibrations applied to the mandible um,. The EMG activity was recorded bilaterally from masseter muscle and the force developed by the reflex was measured through an isometric transducer connected with the mandibular symphysis.2. Unilateral stimulation of the peripheral stump of the cervical sympathetic nerve (CSN) consistently elicited a 30-45 % reduction of the tension developed by the TVR, and a marked decrease or disappearance of the ipsilateral EMG activity. No significant changes were detected in the EMG contralateral to the stimulated nerve. Bilateral CSN stimulation reduced by 60-90 % the force reflexly produced by the jaw closing muscles and strongly decreased or suppressed EMG activity on both sides. This effect was often preceded by a transient TVR enhancement, very variable in amplitude and duration, which was concomitant with the modest increase in pulmonary ventilation induced by the sympathetic stimulation.3. During bilateral CSN stimulation, an increase in the vibration amplitude by a factor of 1-5-2-5 was sufficient to restore the TVR reduced by sympathetic stimulation.4. The depressant action exerted by sympathetic activation on the TVR is mediated by a-adrenergic receptors, since it was almost completely abolished by the i.v. administration of either phentolamine or prazosin, this last drug being a selective antagonist of ax-adrenoceptors. The sympathetically induced decrease in the TVR was not mimicked by manoeuvres producing a large and sudden reduction or abolition of the blood flow to jaw muscles, such as unilateral or bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery.5. The effect of sympathetic stimulation was not significantly modified after denervation of the inferior dental arch and/or anaesthesia of the temporomandibular joint, i.e. after having reduced the afferent input from those receptors, potentially affected by CSN stimulation, which can elicit either a jaw opening reflex or a decrease in the activity of the jaw elevator muscle motoneurons. MS 1771C. GRASSI, F. DERIU AND M. PASSATORE 6. These data suggest that, when the sympathetic nervous system is activated under physiological conditions, there is a marked depression of the stretch reflex which is independent of vasomotor changes and is probably due to a decrease in sensitivity of muscle spindle afferents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the tonic vibration reflex in rabbit jaw closing muscles.

Grassi

Deriu

Passatore

1993

The Journal of Physiology

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“…There is also good evidence that periodofital mechanoreceptors are involved in reflex jaw opening and closing in man and animals (Matthews, 1975). Activity of receptors that respond to forces applied to the teeth and their supporting structures has been reported by many workers in a variety of species: man (Johansson & Olsson, 1976); cat (Pfaffmann, 1939a, b;Yamada, Sakada, Murata & Ueyama, 1961;Suzuki, 1963;Kawamura, Nishiyama, Funakoshi & Majima, 1965;Kizior, Cuozzo & Bowman, 1968;Sakada & Kamio, 1970, 1971Hilton, 1972;Sakada & Onodera, 1974;Hannam & Farnsworth, 1977; Linden, 1978;Cash & Linden, 1982); rabbit (Ness, 1954) and dog (Wagers & Smith, 1960;Matthews, 1965;Hannam, 1968aHannam, , b, 1969a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament of the mandibular canine tooth of the cat.

Cash¹,

Rj²

1982

The Journal of Physiology

102

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1. Periodontal mechanoreceptor activity has been recorded from fibres in the inferior alveolar nerve. 2. A method has been developed for punctate and electrical stimulation of the periodontal ligament mechanoreceptors through a thin layer of bone overlying the labial aspect of the left mandibular canine tooth root. 3. The distribution of periodontal mechanoreceptors in the labial aspect of the left mandibular canine tooth has been described. 4. All receptors located responded maximally when that part of the ligament in which they lay was in tension. 5. It is suggested that there may be only one type of mechanoreceptor and that the rate of adaptation is dependent on the location of the receptor within the periodontal tissues.

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“…Another possible source of reflex influences on upper airway resistance would be the presence of vagal afferents coursing in the sympathetic trunk [28]. Also, cervical sympathetic trunk stimulation is known to inhibit intraoral mechanoreceptor activity in cats [34]. Therefore, one cannot entirely exclude the possibility that sympathetic stimulation alters the activity of upper airway receptors or vagal afferents which might reflexly affect upper airway muscle activity and therefore resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cervical sympathetic nerves on ventilation and upper airway resistance in the rat

O’Halloran¹,

Curran²,

Bradford³

1998

Eur Respir J

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The cervical sympathetic nerve trunks contain a large number of preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which innervate a variety of structures in the head and neck, with a potential to influence ventilation and upper airway resistance. These include the sympathetic innervation to the carotid body [1], carotid sinus [2], thyroid gland [3] and the vasculature of the upper airway mucosa [4].Several studies have examined the effects of cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation on carotid body function and on ventilation in anaesthetized and decerebrate cats but results have been conflicting. Thus, although sympathetic stimulation can cause small increases or decreases in chemoreceptor activity in the sinus nerve [5], it usually induces a large increase in ventilation [6] which is abolished by sinus nerve section. Therefore, the ventilatory effects appear unrelated to chemoreceptor afferent activity, yet cutting the sinus nerves abolishes the ventilatory effect. The sinus nerves also contain carotid sinus baroreceptor afferents which can influence ventilation and the activity of which can be increased by sympathetic stimulation [7]. However, this appears to be an unlikely explanation for the ventilatory excitation caused by sympathetic stimulation since baroreceptor activity is inhibitory to breathing [8].Recently, it has been shown that cutting the ganglioglomerular nerves containing the sympathetic nerve supply to the carotid body causes a decrease in ventilation in normoxia but has no effect on the ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in awake goats [9]. However, in anaesthetized cats, ganglioglomerular nerve section enhances the carotid chemoreceptor response to sustained hypoxia [10]. Cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation affects thyroid hormone secretion in mice [3] and removal of the superior cervical ganglion decreases thyroid hormone secretion in the rat [11]. However, in these studies, the effects on metabolic rate and breathing were not examined.Since the cervical sympathetic nerves exert an influence on ventilation and thyroid function and since the activity in these nerves has a respiratory modulation and is stimulated by systemic hypoxia and hypercapnia [12], it was hypothesized that cutting the cervical sympathetic trunks should affect ventilation and the ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effects of cervical sympathetic nerve section on ventilation in normoxia, hypoxia and hypercapnia in conscious rats. In addition, because of the controversial findings concerning the effects of cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation on breathing, the ventilatory effects of cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation in anaesthetized rats were also examined in order to establish the ventilatory effects of the activation of these nerves in this species.It has previously been demonstrated that passing cool air through the isolated upper airway causes a fall in upper A constant airflow was applied to the upper ai...

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Effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on intra‐oral mechanoreceptor activity in the cat

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the tonic vibration reflex in rabbit jaw closing muscles.

Effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the tonic vibration reflex in rabbit jaw closing muscles.

The distribution of mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament of the mandibular canine tooth of the cat.

Influence of cervical sympathetic nerves on ventilation and upper airway resistance in the rat

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