2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2014.10.008
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Effects of systemic and contact fungicides on life stages and symptom expression of Phytophthora ramorum in vitro and in planta

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Cited by 19 publications
(12 citation statements)
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References 41 publications
(52 reference statements)
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“…Due to the large number of isolates assayed, we only tested the sensitivity of the pathogen at three mancozeb concentrations. Although this limitation does not allow us to calculate EC 50 , the half maximum effective concentration, accurately (Sebaugh, ), a rough estimate indicates that it ranges from 0.02 to 39.57 μg/ml with a mean of 12.79 μg/ml, which was within the ranges observed for A. alternata in other studies (Malandrakis et al., ) as well as for other pathogens (Elliott, Shamoun, & Sumampong, ; Rekanovic et al., ).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 60%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Due to the large number of isolates assayed, we only tested the sensitivity of the pathogen at three mancozeb concentrations. Although this limitation does not allow us to calculate EC 50 , the half maximum effective concentration, accurately (Sebaugh, ), a rough estimate indicates that it ranges from 0.02 to 39.57 μg/ml with a mean of 12.79 μg/ml, which was within the ranges observed for A. alternata in other studies (Malandrakis et al., ) as well as for other pathogens (Elliott, Shamoun, & Sumampong, ; Rekanovic et al., ).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 60%
“…Trade‐offs resulting from negative pleiotropy with other ecological and life‐history traits of pathogens may counterbalance the selective advantages of resistant mutations even in the presence of the antimicrobials, hampering accumulation and spatiotemporal dynamics of mutants. This trade‐off is expected to be common (Hall, Gubbins, & Gilligan, ; Li & Xiao, ), particularly in nonspecific fungicides (Melnyk, Wong, & Kassen, ) such as mancozeb, due to the involvement of many genes across pathogen genomes in the evolution of resistance and may also explain the constraining selection in the adaptation of A. alternata to mancozeb as indicated by a significantly lower population differentiation in mancozeb tolerance than that of SSR marker loci as well as similar spatiotemporal patterns of mancozeb sensitivity observed across pathogen species (Elliott et al., ; Henríquez, Sarmiento, & Alarcón ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Associations of mancozeb tolerance with difenoconazole tolerance (RGR and MRGR respectively) were evaluated by simple linear correlation [63]. Multiple linear regression analysis implemented in Matlab [34] was used to evaluate the association among mancozeb tolerance, difenoconazole tolerance and aggressiveness of isolates using the model: , where c is the intercept, y, x1 and x2 were lesion area, mancozeb tolerance and difenoconazole tolerance and b1 and b2 were regression coefficients for mancozeb and difenoconazole, respectively. Matlab [64] was also used to determine outliers which were discarded in parameter estimation and validation and to plot a figure showing the relationship among aggressiveness and fungicide resistance.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…alternata isolates (3 out of 234) had an EC 50 value 10-fold greater than the baseline and therefore can be considered as candidate progenitors of future resistant genotypes [12,34]. Therefore, caution should be taken in practice to prevent amplification in the frequency of these genotypes.…”
Section: Sequestration Of the Antifungal Agents In Cell Membranes Andmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The diameter of the mycelial plug inoculum was subtracted and the two diameter measurements were averaged. Percent growth inhibition for each antimicrobial substance and concentration was calculated by dividing colony diameter in the treated plates by that in the control plates (no antimicrobial substance added) [ 38 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%