Effects of T-2 Toxin on Reproductive Performance and Health of Laying Hens ,

S., M.; Mirocha, C. J.; Kurtz, H. J.; Weaver, Gillian; Bates, Fern; Shimoda, Wilbert

doi:10.3382/ps.0560628

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Data from Chi et al (1977) indicate that hens given diets containing up to 4 mg T-2 toxin/kg produced eggs that were (P>.05) larger and had thicker shells than those from birds receiving the control diet (52.4 vs. 51.6 g, and 324 vs. 319 jum, respectively). Interior egg quality, expressed as Haugh units, was also higher (P>.05) for the T-2 toxin-fed hens and the controls (92.83 vs. 90.32).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of Feeding White Leghorn Hens Diets that Contain Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin)-Contaminated Wheat

Hamilton¹,

Thompson²,

Trenholm³

et al. 1985

Poultry Science

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A short-term (10 weeks, Experiment 1) and a long-term experiment (24 weeks, Experiment 2) were done to determine effects of incorporating either white winter wheat, naturally contaminated with 1 mg deoxynivalenol (DON)/kg, or spring wheats, containing up to 6.5 mg DON/kg, into the diets of White Leghorn hens. Based on chemical analysis, the diets in Experiment 1 contained less than .05 to .7 mg DON/kg, while those in Experiment 2 contained from .2 to 4.9 mg/kg. Incorporation of winter or spring wheat in the experimental diets had no effect (P greater than .05) on feed intake and efficiency, egg production and yield, the number of soft shell and cracked eggs observed in the laying house, body weight at the completion of the experimental period, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, and the proportion of malformed embryos and pips. In addition, presence of DON-contaminated wheat did not influence (P greater than .05) the organ weight to body weight ratio for a randomly selected sample of hens necropsied at the completion of each experiment. There was little evidence of lesions in the oral cavity, esophagus, proventriculus and gizzard, hemorrhaging in the viscera or skeletal muscles, or of changes in the appearance of spleen, heart, and kidney. However, the livers from DON hens were fatty in appearance. Furthermore, vomiting (emesis), diarrhea, or changes in behaviour were not apparent and mortality, normally very low, was not increased during either experiment. Inverse linear relationships were obtained in Experiment 1 between dietary DON concentrations and egg weight (P less than .05), shell weight and thickness (P less than .01), and percent shell (P less than .05). Although egg and shell variables measured in Experiment 2 were not significantly influenced (P greater than .05) by DON treatment, trends towards lower values with higher dietary DON levels were evident. Egg specific gravity, nondestructive deformation, and quasistatic compression fracture strength of the egg's shell were not influenced (P greater than .05) by dietary DON levels. The results from these experiments indicate that laying hens can tolerate diets containing up to 5 mg DON/kg from white winter or spring wheat for extended periods of time without serious adverse effects on health and productivity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of Feeding White Leghorn Hens Diets that Contain Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin)-Contaminated Wheat

Hamilton¹,

Thompson²,

Trenholm³

et al. 1985

Poultry Science

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“…Presencia de tricotecenos en cereales. (Chi et al, 1977b;Chi et al, 1978). Probablemente esto se asocie con la disminuhem6lisis en la que se involucra un mecanismo de radicales libres (DeLoach et al, 1989;Karppanen et ~rl., 1989;Khachatourians, 1990).…”

Section: Alteraciones Nutricionales Y Metabolicasunclassified

Revisión: Implicaciones toxicológicas y nutricionales de la toxina T-2 / Review: Toxicological and nutritional implications of T-2 toxin

Leal

Mejı́a

1997

Food sci. technol. int.

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Qro. 76049 México * Los tricotecenos son micotoxinas producidas por especies del genero Fiisniiimi, yue se asocian con _ ciertos problemas de salud tanto en humanos como en animales. Los tricotecenos mas comunes en los cereales son el deoxinivalenol, la toxina HT-2, el diacetoxiscirpenol, el nivalenol, el neosolaniol y la toxina T-2, siendo esta ultima toxina la mis estudiada por su facilidad para producirse en el laboratorio. La toxicosis causada por la T-2 se caracteriza por una dermatonecrosis, disminucion de la ganancia de peso y la biodegradacion de los alimentos, diarreas severas, hemorragias y necrosis del tracto gastrointestinal, anemia, inmunodeficiencia, y ademas en el caso de . _ las aves, un plumaje pobre. Esta revisi6n incluye información sobre la presencia, las caracteris-.. ticas quimicas, la toxicidad, las alteraciones metabdlicas, la biotraiisformaci6ii y los metodos de descontaminaci6n de la toxina T-2. ' Pfilfibifis cl17'uc: toxina T-2, tricotecenos, micotoxinas, nutrición, biotransformación, descoiitaniinac]6iiTrichothecenes are mycotoxins produced by species of the genus Fusarium. These toxins are associated with health problems in humans and animals. The most common trichothecenes in cereals are deoxynivalenol, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, nivalenol, neosolaniol and T-2 toxin; the latter is the most widely studied because it is easy to produce in the laboratory. The effects of T-2 toxicosis include dermatonecrosis, reduced body weight and efficiency of food utilization, severe diarrhoea, haemorrhage, necrosis of the upper alimentary tract, anaemia, immunosuppression ; and in birds, poor feathering. This paper reviews the latest information about the occurrence, chemical characteristics, toxicity, metabolic alterations, biotransformation and detoxification methods of the T-2 toxin. INTRODUCCIONLas micotoxinas son metabolitos secundarios producidos por los hongos microsc6picos que crecen en granos de cereales, nueces, soja o varios otros cultivos incluyendo las frutas (Apsimon, 1994). La ingestion de alimentos contaminados con micotoxinas causa enfermedades conocidas como micotoxicosis, que representan un importante problema de salud por los diversos cambios que producen en el organismo que los ha ingerido. Por su diversidad estrucW ral las micotoxinas pueden reaccionar con un gran numero de receptores, incluyendo el DNA, el RNA, las protemas funcionales, los cofactores enzimaticos y los constituyentes de la membrana, ocasionando modificaciones en el citoesqueleto, en la diferenciaci6n celular, en la actividad hormonal, asi como en la smtesis macromolecular y bioenerg6tica (Apsimon, 1994). * To wholll coi-i-cst7oiitic)ice should IO' sell!.

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“…Toxic effects of T-2 toxin have been reported in various farm and laboratory animal species (Smalley et al, 1970;Kosuri et al, 1971;Christensen et al, 1972;Wyatt et ai, 1973;Chi et al, 1977c). The most significant sign in poultry fed purified T-2 toxin is oral lesions observed in broiler chickens (Wyatt et al, 1972;Chi et al, 1977a), turkey poults (Christensen et al, 1972), and laying chickens (Chi et al, 1977b). In laying hens, T-2 toxin caused oral lesions in six birds out of 24 fed a diet containing 1 ppm T-2 toxin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Transmission of Radioactivity into Eggs from Laying Hens (Gallus domesticus) Administered Tritium Labeled T-2 Toxin ,

Robison

Mirocha

et al. 1978

Poultry Science

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The transmission of radioactivity into eggs from laying hens gastric-intubated with a single or multiple dose of 3-[ 3 H] -T-2 toxin was investigated. In single dosed birds, the maximum radioactivity in eggs occurred at 24 hr after dosing; the yolk and white contained .04 and .13% of the administered radioactivity, respectively. In multiple-dosed birds given 8 consecutive daily doses, the radioactivity in the yolk increased with each dose, whereas the radioactivity in the white increased rapidly until the 3rd dose and thereafter remained constant. In both single-and multipledosed birds, the specific radioactivity of the white was greater than that of the yolk. The amount of residue transmitted into an egg in birds intubated daily with 1 mg T-2/kg for 8-consecutive days equivalent to 1.6 ppm dietary T-2) was about .9 Mg (based on specific radioactivity).

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Effects of T-2 Toxin on Reproductive Performance and Health of Laying Hens ,

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of Feeding White Leghorn Hens Diets that Contain Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin)-Contaminated Wheat

Effects of Feeding White Leghorn Hens Diets that Contain Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin)-Contaminated Wheat

Revisión: Implicaciones toxicológicas y nutricionales de la toxina T-2 / Review: Toxicological and nutritional implications of T-2 toxin

Transmission of Radioactivity into Eggs from Laying Hens (Gallus domesticus) Administered Tritium Labeled T-2 Toxin ,

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