Effects of tampon components on growth and dissemination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Arko, R J; Wong, K. H.; Finley-Price, K G; Rasheed, J. Kamile

doi:10.1136/sti.58.2.105

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…While, CMC is not fermented by bacteria, it may still provide carbohydrates to support bacterial growth and/or functional change. This is consistent with the promotion of growth of Neisseria gonorrhoea in tampons impregnated with CMC . Polysorbate 80 appears to have a similar effect on flagellin, but does so in conjunction with other changes to microbial composition …”

Section: Potential Mechanisms For Disease Pathogenesissupporting

confidence: 77%

Review article: emulsifiers in the food supply and implications for gastrointestinal disease

Halmos

Mack

Gibson

2018

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Summary Background Dietary emulsifiers are the latest food additives to be associated with intestinal, cardiovascular and metabolic health. Most recently, there are postulations around certain emulsifiers playing a role in the development of Crohn's disease. Aim To review the use of food‐based emulsifiers, their content in the food supply and mechanisms by which they might exert potentially detrimental biological effects. Methods Information on emulsifiers and thickeners relevant to human health was critically examined. Results The term, “emulsifier,” has been used loosely and has included thickeners as well as agents that truly promote emulsions. These comprise proteins, phospholipids and carbohydrates, alone or in combination, and play roles in optimising food appearance, texture and mouthfeel, delivering or disguising flavours and achieving palatable low‐fat foods. Their presence in the food supply is common, but not “ubiquitous” as frequently stated. Strict regulations limit the amount added to foods, but the lack of established methodologies to measure the actual food content of these diverse compounds limits our knowledge of consumption. Emulsifiers and thickeners have effects on the gut microbiota, mucosal barrier and inflammatory pathways, and can induce disease in experimental models. However, differentiating pharmacological from physiological effects and translating findings in experimental animals to humans raise uncertainties about the relevance of such effects. Conclusions There is limited evidence to directly link emulsifiers and thickeners to human disease, but multiple potential pathogenic mechanisms. Knowledge of actual dietary intake and high‐quality interventional studies is needed to enable the risks associated with their intake to be understood.

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Section: Potential Mechanisms For Disease Pathogenesissupporting

confidence: 77%

Review article: emulsifiers in the food supply and implications for gastrointestinal disease

Halmos

Mack

Gibson

2018

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Antigonococcal effects of vaginal tampons.

Arko¹,

Wong²,

Smith³

et al. 1983

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Different brands of vaginal tampons varied significantly (p<0 0001) in their antibacterial effects when tested with 46 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonococcal strains recovered from patients with disseminated infections were substantially more sensitive to the antibacterial effects of tampons than were strains from patients with uncomplicated genital infections. Strains from patients with pelvic inflammatory disease were moderately sensitive. Tampons showing strong in-vitro antigonococcal effects were also generally effective in vivo in eliminating gonococcal infections from subcutaneous chambers in mice. Extracts of the Rely tampon showed no in-vitro antigonococcal effect, however, but did induce antibacterial activity when injected into subcutaneous chambers in mice. These results emphasise the importance of both in-vitro as well as in-vivo testing of tampon materials to elucidate more fully the nature of their antibacterial effects and their potential for affecting vaginal pathogens and disease processes.

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Effects of tampon components on growth and dissemination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Review article: emulsifiers in the food supply and implications for gastrointestinal disease

Review article: emulsifiers in the food supply and implications for gastrointestinal disease

Antigonococcal effects of vaginal tampons.

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