Effects of Tannic Acid on Rhizomorph Production by<i>Armillaria mellea</i>

Cheo, P. C.

doi:10.1094/phyto-72-676

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The variability among A. ostoyae isolates in response to microbial stimulation seems to be high and confirms earlier observations (Kwaśna and Łakomy 1998). Similar variation in the sensitivity of Armillaria to low-molecular-weight alcohols, gallic and tannic acids, and light has been observed (Allermann and Sortkjaer 1973;Doty and Cheo 1974;Wargo 1980;Cheo 1982;Benjamin 1983;Shaw 1985).…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

Reaction of Armillaria ostoyae to forest soil microfungi

Kwaśna¹,

Łakomy²,

Mallett

2004

Forest Pathology

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Fungi isolated from the oak (Quercus robur) rhizosphere were tested for their effects on rhizomorph formation and growth of 16 isolates of Armillaria ostoyae sampled in three localities in western Poland. The number of rhizomorphs, number of rhizomorph apices, and rhizomorph length and weight increased most in the presence of Penicillium lanosum, Penicillium notatum, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Penicillium spinulosum and Mycelium radicis atrovirens a and, to a lesser extent, in the presence of Nectria grammicospora. Inhibition of rhizomorph formation was caused by Trichoderma hamatum and Trichoderma viride in two A. ostoyae isolates and by M. radicis atrovirens a and P. spinulosum in one A. ostoyae isolate. It is suggested that variation in sensitivity to microbial stimulation within A. ostoyae is associated with the environmental and nutritional conditions of its original habitat. Isolates from nutrition-rich localities, with 20% of the land area covered by deciduous trees, were particularly susceptible to stimulation by rhizosphere fungi.

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supporting

confidence: 88%

Reaction of Armillaria ostoyae to forest soil microfungi

Kwaśna¹,

Łakomy²,

Mallett

2004

Forest Pathology

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“…grow can greatly in¯uence the production of rhizomorphs (REDFERN 1975). Moreover, rhizomorph formation is stimulated by resin components and other types of compounds typically found in gymnosperm bark tissues (WEINHOLD 1963;GARRAWAY 1970;CHEO 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of Picea sitchensis root bark by Armillaria mellea, Armillaria ostoyae and Heterobasidion annosum

2002

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Penetration of root bark tissues of Picea sitchensis by Armillaria ostoyae, Armillaria mellea and Heterobasidion annosum was examined in the absence of wounds, in super®cial wounds (rhytidome tissues removed to expose the secondary phloem) and in wounds to the depth of the vascular cambium (deep wounding). Both species of Armillaria penetrated bark without prior wounding, but neither species formed rhizomorphs in this treatment. Armillaria ostoyae penetrated to 39 cell layers in depth by 48 days after inoculation of unwounded bark, whereas A. mellea penetrated 25 cell layers in the same time. Armillaria mellea penetrated super®cial wounds signi®cantly more rapidly than did A. ostoyae. Both species produced rhizomorphs within wounded host tissues. Inoculation of deep wounds with Armillaria resulted in a greater depth of bark necrosis with A. mellea than with A. ostoyae. In the absence of wounding, H. annosum failed to penetrate root bark tissues, but in both super®cial and deep wounds hyphae penetrated beyond the ligno±suberized boundary zone (LSZ) by 12 days after inoculation. Where no inoculations were made, super®cial or deep wounding led within 25 days to the restoration of a structurally continuous LSZ, and by day 48 the wound periderm (WP) was fully differentiated. In inoculated wounds, however, formation of the LSZ and WP was delayed or inhibited in most trees, particularly following inoculation with A. ostoyae or A. mellea. Suberization in the LSZ and WP remained diffuse and discontinuous 48 days after inoculation. Moreover, the presence of WP did not prevent further penetration of the tissues by the pathogens. Variations between trees in the depth of pathogen penetration were noted, possibly indicating differing susceptibilities of individual host genotypes. The possible host factors involved in resistance to penetration of root bark tissues by Armillaria and Heterobasidion are discussed.

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“…This detailed speciation makes it desirable for taxonomic, diagnostic and physiologic purposes to test isolates from each of the newly defined taxa for responses in vitro to chemicals previously tested on only a few isolates of A. mellea, sensu lato. For example, ethanol stimulated thallus growth and rhizomorph development (Weinhold, 1963;Garraway & Weinhold, 1966), as did autoclaved tannic acid (Cheo, 1982). Isolate responses varied when filtersterilized gallic acid, a phenolic precursor of tannic acid, was tested in culture, with and without ethanol (Wargo, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro responses of different Armillaria taxa to gallic acid, tannic acid and ethanol

Shaw

1985

Plant Pathology

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Twenty‐one isolates from four Northern Hemisphere species of Armillaria (A. mellea, A. ostoyae, A. bulbosa. and the unnamed North American Group V) and two Southern Hemisphere species (A. luteobubalina and A. novae‐zelandiae) were grown on media with or without ethanol. gallic acid, or tannic acid. Ethanol increased dry weights for all isolates except one of A. bulbosa and colony diameters for all isolates of the Northern Hemisphere species except one of North American Group V. Ethanol decreased colony diameters for some isolates of the Southern Hemisphere species. Rhizomorph production increased for most isolates of Northern Hemisphere species on medium amended with tannic acid rather than gallic acid and on ethanol‐amended medium with or without gallic acid. Both Southern Hemisphere species formed rhizomorphs in abundance, regardless of the medium. For most isolates colony diameters and dry weights were reduced by gallic acid, with or without ethanol. but were increased by tannic acid, with or without ethanol. Acid and ethanol effects on colony weights and diameters were not consistent, however, and variation among isolates within each species was great enough for these media to be of little value in distinguishing among the species. Newly defined species of Armillaria have thus retained the attribute of extensive variation in cultural characteristics that is a feature of A. mellea, sensu lato, which necessitates evaluating the responses of several isolates before determining effects of any compound on growth of any species.

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Effects of Tannic Acid on Rhizomorph Production byArmillaria mellea

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Reaction of Armillaria ostoyae to forest soil microfungi

Reaction of Armillaria ostoyae to forest soil microfungi

Penetration of Picea sitchensis root bark by Armillaria mellea, Armillaria ostoyae and Heterobasidion annosum

In vitro responses of different Armillaria taxa to gallic acid, tannic acid and ethanol

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