Effects of Taurine on Nitric Oxide and 3-Nitrotyrosine Levels in Spleen During Endotoxemia

Abstract

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a free sulfur-containing β-amino acid which has antioxidant, antiinflammatory and detoxificant properties. In the present study, the role of endotoxemia on peroxynitrite formation via 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) detection, and the possible antioxidant effect of taurine in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated guinea pigs were aimed. 40 adult male guinea pigs were divided into four groups; control, endotoxemia, taurine and taurine+endotoxemia. Animals were administered taurine (300 mg/kg), LPS (4 mg/kg) or taurine plus LPS intraperitoneally. After 6 h of incubation, when highest blood levels of taurine and endotoxin were attained, the animals were sacrificed and spleen samples were collected. The amounts of 3-nitrotyrosine and taurine were measured by HPLC, and reactive nitrogen oxide species (NOx) which are stable end products of nitric oxide was measured spectrophotometrically in spleen tissues. LPS administration significantly decreased the concentration of taurine whilst increased levels of 3-NT and NOx compared with control group. It was determined that taurine treatment decreased the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and NOx in taurine+endotoxemia group. The group in which taurine was administered alone, contradiction to well-known antioxidant effect, taurine caused elevated concentration of 3-NT and NOx. This data suggest that taurine protects spleen against oxidative damage in endotoxemic conditions. However, the effect of taurine is different when it is administered alone. In conclusion, taurine may act as an antioxidant during endotoxemia, and as a prooxidant in healthy subjects at this dose.

Influence of procyanidin supplementation on the immune responses of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide

“…It is known that NOx have been widely tested in innate immunity stimulation studies (Dyson et al 2011;Pallarès et al 2013). NO has been shown to be a relevant marker of inflammation in tissues such as the liver and spleen (Olinga et al 2001;Bircan et al 2011). In the liver, the inducible expression of iNOS, the enzyme implicated in the synthesis of NO, seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of endotoxemia (Olinga et al 2001;Pallarès et al 2013).…”

3-Nitrotyrosine quantification methods: Current concepts and future challenges

“…In biological systems, ONOO À /ONOOH system is a very strong oxidant and a potent nitrating agent, thus it has been implicated as a culprit in many diseases [22]. Peroxynitrite promotes nitration and hydroxylation in different bioorganic molecules, including proteins, lipids, thiols, sulfhydryl groups, DNA bases, and preferentially nitrates Tyr residues of protein or non-protein origins [23,24]. Peroxynitrite reacts whit CO 2 to yield a nitrosoperoxycarbonate anion ðONOOCO À 2 Þ that undergoes a fast homolysis to NO 2 and carbonate radicals ðCO À 3 Þ (reaction 9) [18,23,25].…”

Ectoine alleviates behavioural, physiological and biochemical changes in Daphnia magna subjected to formaldehyde

“…Attenuating effects of ECT on the increase of NO x level were found in our previous studies in daphnids stressed with heat and hydrogen peroxide (Bownik et al 2014;. Other authors found that taurine induced alleviating effects of overproduction of NO x during endotoxemia in mammals (Bircan et al 2011). …”