Effects of Temperature and Larval Diet on Development of the Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Ali, Abbas; Gaylor, M. J.

doi:10.1093/ee/21.4.780

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The values threshold temperatures found for eggs (13.9°C) are similar to those cited by El-Refai and Degheele (1988), but they are somewhat higher than those indicated by Cayrol (1972) andMcNally (1983). In turn, for small larvae, temperatures (12.5°C) are similar to those quoted by other authors (Cayrol 1972;Hogg and Gutierrez 1980;Ali and Gaylor 1992). The threshold temperature for the pupal stage (8.3°C) is quite different from those mentioned by El-Refai and Degheele (1988) and Ali and Gaylor (1992) for this species.…”

Section: Biological Parameters Of the Host Speciessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In turn, for small larvae, temperatures (12.5°C) are similar to those quoted by other authors (Cayrol 1972;Hogg and Gutierrez 1980;Ali and Gaylor 1992). The threshold temperature for the pupal stage (8.3°C) is quite different from those mentioned by El-Refai and Degheele (1988) and Ali and Gaylor (1992) for this species. The differences may be owing to the different geographic locations of populations as demonstrated for this and other insect species (Honek 1996).…”

Section: Biological Parameters Of the Host Speciessupporting

confidence: 85%

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A new multistage dynamic model for biological control exemplified by the host–parasitoid system Spodoptera exigua–Chelonus oculator

et al. 2014

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Over the last few decades, important advances have been made in understanding of host-parasitoid relations and their applications to biological pest control. Not only has the number of agent species increased, but new manipulation techniques for natural enemies have also been empirically introduced, particularly in greenhouse crops. This makes biocontrol more complex, requiring a new mathematical modeling approach appropriate for the optimization of the release of agents. The present paper aimed at filling this gap by the development of a temperature-and stage-dependent dynamic mathematical model of the host-parasitoid system with an improved functional response. The model is appropriate not only for simulation analysis of the efficiency of biocontrol agents, but also for the application of optimal control methodology for the optimal timing of agent releases, and for the consideration of economic implications. Based on both laboratory and greenhouse trials, the model was validated and fitted to the data of Chelonus oculator (F.) (Hym.: Braconidae) as a biological control agent against the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lep.: Noctuidae). We emphasize that this model can be easily adapted to other interacting species involved in biological or integrated pest control with either parasitoid or predator agents. Key message• The paper aimed at filling the gap between existing host-parasitoid models and the empirically introduced new manipulation techniques of biocontrol. • The result is a temperature-and stage-dependent dynamic model of the host-parasitoid system, appropriate for simulation analysis and optimization of the release of biocontrol agents • For an illustration, the model is validated and fitted to the data of a concrete host-parasitoid system. • Our model building can be easily adapted to biocontrol by predatory agents.

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Section: Biological Parameters Of the Host Speciessupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Biological Parameters Of the Host Speciessupporting

confidence: 85%

A new multistage dynamic model for biological control exemplified by the host–parasitoid system Spodoptera exigua–Chelonus oculator

et al. 2014

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“…Larval diet can have a large effect on S. exigua pupal weight [56], [57], and pupal weight is positively related to lifetime fecundity (Table 2) [51]. Thus, it is possible that the observed reduction in fecundity in our experiments is a direct result of poor development on diets that are suboptimal because of their Cry1Ac content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Increased Long-Flight Activity Triggered in Beet Armyworm by Larval Feeding on Diet Containing Cry1Ac Protoxin

et al. 2013

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Evaluating ecological safety and conducting pest risk analysis for transgenic crops are vitally important before their commercial planting. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, a long-distance migratory insect pest, is not a direct target of transgenic Cry1Ac-expressing cotton in China, but nevertheless it has recently become an important pest. Migrants leaving their natal field arrive in other appropriate habitat far away in a short time, often followed by larval outbreaks. S. exigua has low susceptibility to Cry1Ac. However, our results from laboratory experiments identified (i) sublethal effects of Cry1Ac protoxin on larval development rate, larval and pupal weight, and adult lifetime fecundity, and (ii) increased long-flight behavior triggered by Cry1Ac which may contribute to larval outbreaks elsewhere. No significant differences in larval mortality, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, longevity, pre-oviposition period, or oviposition period were observed between controls and larvae fed on artificial diet incorporating a low concentration of Cry1Ac protoxin. The negative sublethal effects on some developmental and reproductive traits and lack of effect on others suggest they do not contribute to the observed severity of S. exigua outbreaks after feeding on Cry1Ac cotton. Interestingly, the percentage of long fliers increased significantly when larvae were reared on diet containing either of two low-dose treatments of Cry1Ac, suggesting a possible increased propensity to disperse long distances triggered by Cry1Ac. We hypothesize that negative effects on development and reproduction caused by Cry1Ac in the diet are offset by increased flight propensity triggered by the poor food conditions, thereby improving the chances of escaping adverse local conditions before oviposition. Increased long-flight propensity in turn may amplify the area damaged by outbreak populations. This phenomenon might be common in other migratory insect pests receiving sublethal doses of Bt toxins and warrants further study.

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“…However, one must consider that there are large variations between the values for the same species, especially as a function of temperature, of host plant or of an artificial diet (Parra et al 1977;Mattana & Foerster 1988;Ali & Gaylor 1992;Greenberg et al 2001;Bavaresco et al 2003Bavaresco et al , 2004Busato et al 2005;Santos et al 2005;Azidah & Sofian-Azirun 2006;Sá et al 2009;Barros et al 2010;Farahani et al 2011). Moreover, population variations should be considered, and in this sense Murúa et al (2008) indicated large variations between biological and reproductive parameters between cohorts of S. frugiperda from different locations and host plants in Argentina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic potential and reproductive parameters of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in the laboratory

Montezano¹,

Specht²,

Sosa–Gómez³

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. entomol.

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ABSTRACT. Biotic potential and reprodutcive parameters of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in the laboratory: This study aimed to evaluate the biotic potential and reproductive parameters of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) under controlled conditions (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hour photophase). The longevity, pre-, post-and oviposition periods, fecundity and fertility of 15 couples was evaluated. The longevity of females (10.80 days) was not significantly higher than those of males (9.27 days). The mean durations of the pre, post and oviposition periods were 2.067, 0.600 and 8.133 days, respectively. The mean fecundity per female was 1,398 eggs and the mean fertility was 1,367.50 larvae. On average, females copulated 1.133 times. A strong positive correlation was observed between the number of mating and fecundity (r = 0.881, P <0.001). However a strong negative correlation was observed between the number of copulations and the duration of the pre-oviposition period (r = -0.826, P = 0.002) and longevity (r = -0.823, P = 0.001). The biotic potential of S. eridania was estimated at 1.894 x 10 25 individuals/female/year. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was 560.531 times per generation and the mean generation time (T) was 35.807 days. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.177, with a finite rate of increase (l) of 1.193, per week.

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Effects of Temperature and Larval Diet on Development of the Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

A new multistage dynamic model for biological control exemplified by the host–parasitoid system Spodoptera exigua–Chelonus oculator

A new multistage dynamic model for biological control exemplified by the host–parasitoid system Spodoptera exigua–Chelonus oculator

Increased Long-Flight Activity Triggered in Beet Armyworm by Larval Feeding on Diet Containing Cry1Ac Protoxin

Biotic potential and reproductive parameters of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in the laboratory

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