Effects of temperature and pH value on the morphology and corrosion resistance of titanium-containing conversion coating

Chromate-Free Corrosion Protection Strategies for Magnesium Alloys—A Review: PART I—Pre-Treatment and Conversion Coating

“…A recent review of conversion coatings based on zirconium and titanium is available [ 294 ]. The understanding and development of thin film systems deposited from titanate, zirconate, hafnate, and niobate on magnesium substrates is still relatively limited [ 56 , 125 , 134 , 289 , 295 , 296 , 297 , 298 , 299 , 300 , 301 , 302 , 303 , 304 , 305 , 306 , 307 , 308 ]. The general formation mechanism of such conversion coatings implies the removal of a magnesium oxide/hydroxide film and the precipitation of amorphous oxides/hydroxides of the above-mentioned transition metals in response to the near-surface pH increase caused by the cathodic water reduction reaction on the Mg substrate.…”

Analysis of Electrochemical Corrosion in Metal form of Ti-Ta-Sn and 316-L Screw in Hank's Solution by SEM

“…Both samples were prepared at 37ºC with a pH value of 6.5. We conclude that the Ti-Ta-Sn alloy in comparison with the commercial material 316-L presents an excellent behavior as a biomaterial, taking into account the passivation of the corrosion resistance [1].…”

“…The use of titanium in biomedical applications has been considered one of the most used metallic materials in the restoration of tissues and replacement of bone implants. In this article, the corrosion effects of the Ti-Ta-Sn alloy were studied in order to improve the electrochemical properties of some previously studied and existing biomaterials [1][2][3]. However, poor wear resistance and hardness of Ti are two drawbacks of its application.…”

Lanthanides: The Key to Durable and Sustainable Corrosion Protection

“…The lanthanide group elements (Ln), also known as rare earth elements (REEs), are the “nutrients” of metals and “vitamins” of modern industry and have the ability to improvise the intramural aspects of metals (alloy formation, hardness, and strength) and have been extensively employed in various fields including microelectronics, aeronautics, automotive, medical, chemical, and metallurgical engineering. , Furthermore, the novelty of Ln having unpaired electrons in f-orbitals also intercalates an influential impact on extraneous properties of metals by depositing on the surface. , With deposition, the limited radial extension affiliated with these f-orbitals, having a negligible effect on the chemistry of the interaction process, provides multiple ways and reaction sites to intermingle with the substrate surface . The half-filled orbitals connected with paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and ferromagnetic behavior additionally insert electromagnetic and optical properties in the lanthanides. , Accompanying all these aspects, coatings of Ln elements have been recently adopted as an effective replacement for highly toxic and carcinogenic chromate coatings that have the ability to modify both the physical and chemical properties of metals. − There is striving to search for chromate-free coatings that resulted in many procedures that involved phosphate, molybdates, silicates, titanium, and borate coating procedures, which produced both types of positive and negative alterations in surficial properties . In this regard, various research studies have focused on the updated version of coatings based on chemical interactions that would have the ability to overcome all of the drawbacks previously reported.…”