Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on Metabolic Changes in Alfalfa in Relation to Cold Hardiness<sup>1</sup>

Shih, S. C.; Jung, G. A.; Shelton, D. C.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1967.0011183x000700040033x

Cited by 36 publications

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“…This study seemed particularly appropriate because consistent increases in pH of plant sap have been observed during the acquisition of cold tolerance and the rises in pH were greater in cold-tolerant than cold-sensitive cultivars (6,7,11,12). Foliar applications of purines and pyrimidines that increased cold tolerance also tended to increase pH of plant sap (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Extractant Influence on the Relationship between Extractable Proteins and Cold Tolerance of Alfalfa

Faw

Shih²,

Jung³

1976

Plant Physiol.

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The influence of ionic composition and pH of extractant on the relationship between the extracted proteins and the cold tolerance of Vernal and Arizona Common alfalfa (Medicago sadiva L.) was examined. Five environments were used to induce different tolerance levels.The quantity of protein extracted from plants was influenced by the hardening environment, cultivar, and ionic composition and pH of 29 extractants. Extractants with a pH below 6 generally extracted less protein.The measured cold tolerance of the plants was correlated with the quantity of protein detected in many of the 14 regions of the electrophoresis gel columns regardless of extractant but was most dosely associated with the protein in either region 7 or 8 with nine of ten extractants. The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of ionic nature and pH of extractants on the relationship between extractable proteins and cold tolerance. Sources of variation in cold tolerance were cultivars of alfalfa and hardening environments. MATERIALS AND METHODSPlant Material. Cans with perforated bottoms and a volume of 3.78 liters were filled with a sandy loam soil and seeded with approximately 50 seeds of cold-tolerant Vernal or cold-sensitive Arizona Common alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The seedlings were allowed to grow in the greenhouse for 7 months and then were moved outside in April. The plants were allowed to reach a flowering stage before clipping to maintain high food reserve levels. Insects were controlled by spraying with malathion and Sevin.In late September, the containers were randomly assigned to one of five environments: (a) day and night temperatures of 7 and 2 C, respectively, and a photoperiod of 8 hr; (b) day and night temperatures of 16 and 10 C, respectively, and a photoperiod of 12 hr; (c) natural environment in the field at Morgantown, W. Va.; (d) greenhouse conditions maintained for vigorous growth; and (e) day and night temperatures of 27 and 21 C, respectively, with a photoperiod of 16 hr. Light in the growth chambers was supplied by six cool-white, 40-w fluorescent lamps and four 60-w incandescent bulbs/chamber. This lighting system provided a light intensity of approximately 12,900 lux at the plant tops. Relative humidity was regulated at approximately 80% in the chambers. A randomized block design was used with three replications for each environmental regime.After the plants had been subjected to the environments for 44 to 46 days, they were sampled for cold tolerance determinations and protein analyses. Plant roots were trimmed to a length of approximately 2.5 cm and crowns to 5 cm. All dead material and plant leaves were removed from the samples. A 10-g portion of prepared crown and root sample was used to measure cold tolerance using the technique of Dexter et al. (2). The remainder of each sample was immediately frozen in liquid N2, lyophilized, ground in a Wiley mill to pass through a 40-mesh screen, and stored at -20 C in air-tight vials that were enclosed in plastic bags.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Extractant Influence on the Relationship between Extractable Proteins and Cold Tolerance of Alfalfa

Faw

Shih²,

Jung³

1976

Plant Physiol.

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“…(9) recently reported that an increase in RNA content precedes an increase in cold hardiiness of black locust. Two of our studies (3,8) provided evidence that RNA and DNA content of alfalfa plants were positively correlated wvith cold hardiness. Restults presented in table III appear to be only in partial agreement with the pre-vious findings.…”

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confidence: 69%

Influence of Purines and Pyrimidines on Cold Hardiness of Plants. III. Associated Changes in Soluble Protein and Nucleic Acid Content and Tissue pH

Jung¹,

Shih²,

Shelton³

1967

Plant Physiol.

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Summary. When applications of certain purines and pyrimidines enhanced the development or maintenance of cold hardiness, the content of water-soluble, trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein and nucleic acids and tissue pH were higher in treated plants than in controls. The reverse was generally true when the treated plants were less cold hardy than the controls. In some instances, the purines and pyrimidines increased the content of these nitrogenous constituents in a nonhardy variety to a level equal to that fouind in uintreated plants of a hardy, variety.Recent laboratory and field investigations (2) revealed that applications of certain purines or pyrimidines altered seasonal patterns of cold hardiness in alfalfa plants. This was manifested by increasing the rate of cold hardiness development in the fall or by increasing the maintenance of cold hardiness in late winter, or iboth. Moreover, these alterations were sufficient in some cases to increase winter sturvival of a relatively nonhardy variety by more than 100 %. Sometimes the efficacy of these puirine or pyrimidine applications was variable and thotught to be due, at least in part, to changing climatic conditions. Treated plants from this study were classified into 1 of 3 groups depending upon their cold hardiness on any sampling date as indicated by an artificial freezing test. The groups were: (a) their cold hardiness not different from that of controls, (b) their cold hardiness significantly greater than that of controls, and (c) their cold hardiness significantlv lower than that of controls. This paper compares the content of watersoluble protein and nucleic acids and tissue pH in alfalfa plants from groups (b) and (c) with that found in the controls.

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“…In addition to reduced height and weight growth in the fall, winterhardy cultivars have shorter and fewer internodes (Sheridan and McKee 1968) and a less erect growth habit (Larson and Smith 1963). Under certain conditions of temperature and photoperiod, winterhardy and nonwinterhardy cultivars show similar growth in height (Schonhorst et al 1951;Shih et al 1967 …”

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confidence: 99%

Fall Growth and Winter Survival of Alfalfa in Interior British Columbia

Stout¹,

Hall²

1989

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on Metabolic Changes in Alfalfa in Relation to Cold Hardiness¹

Cited by 36 publications

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Extractant Influence on the Relationship between Extractable Proteins and Cold Tolerance of Alfalfa

Extractant Influence on the Relationship between Extractable Proteins and Cold Tolerance of Alfalfa

Influence of Purines and Pyrimidines on Cold Hardiness of Plants. III. Associated Changes in Soluble Protein and Nucleic Acid Content and Tissue pH

Fall Growth and Winter Survival of Alfalfa in Interior British Columbia

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Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on Metabolic Changes in Alfalfa in Relation to Cold Hardiness1

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Extractant Influence on the Relationship between Extractable Proteins and Cold Tolerance of Alfalfa

Extractant Influence on the Relationship between Extractable Proteins and Cold Tolerance of Alfalfa

Influence of Purines and Pyrimidines on Cold Hardiness of Plants. III. Associated Changes in Soluble Protein and Nucleic Acid Content and Tissue pH

Fall Growth and Winter Survival of Alfalfa in Interior British Columbia

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Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on Metabolic Changes in Alfalfa in Relation to Cold Hardiness¹