Effects of Temperature during Moist Heat Treatment on Ruminal Degradability and Intestinal Digestibility of Protein and Amino Acids in Hempseed Cake

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in hempseed cake (HC) that were moist heat treated at different temperatures. Samples of cold-pressed HC were autoclaved for 30 min at 110, 120 or 130°C, and a sample of untreated HC was used as the control. Ruminal degradability of CP was estimated, using the in situ Dacron bag technique; intestinal CP digestibility was estimated for the 16 h in situ residue using a three-step in vitro procedure. AA content was determined for the HC samples (heat treated and untreated) of the intact feed, the 16 h in situ residue and the residue after the three-step procedure. There was a linear increase in RUP (p = 0.001) and intestinal digestibility of RUP (p = 0.003) with increasing temperature during heat treatment. The 130°C treatment increased RUP from 259 to 629 g/kg CP, while intestinal digestibility increased from 176 to 730 g/kg RUP, compared to the control. Hence, the intestinal available dietary CP increased more than eight times. Increasing temperatures during heat treatment resulted in linear decreases in ruminal degradability of total AA (p = 0.006) and individual AA (p<0.05) and an increase in intestinal digestibility that could be explained both by a linear and a quadratic model for total AA and most individual AA (p<0.05). The 130°C treatment decreased ruminal degradability of total AA from 837 to 471 g/kg, while intestinal digestibility increased from 267 to 813 g/kg of rumen undegradable AA, compared with the control. There were differences between ruminal AA degradability and between intestinal AA digestibility within all individual HC treatments (p<0.001). It is concluded that moist heat treatment at 130°C did not overprotect the CP of HC and could be used to shift the site of CP and AA digestion from the rumen to the small intestine. This may increase the value of HC as a protein supplement for ruminants.

Bioavailability and Bioefficacy of Hemp By-Products in Ruminant Meat Production and Preservation: A Review

“…The UDP of HSC is highly digestible in the duodenum as compared to canola meal (7). Additionally, UDP and intestinal digestibility of HSC can be increased by moist heat treatment up to 130 • C (109).…”

“…However, there is still a gap in understanding the impact of hemp by-products on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen, and methane emissions, nutritional disorders, gut health, and meat quality, thus more research is warranted. Overall, nutrient and bioactive compounds in hemp byproducts are biologically accessible in the GIT and available in the animal body system (109), but details on their bioavailability are incomplete. These bioactive compounds have been identified in the circulatory system, muscle, and brain tissue, feces and urine in animal models (84).…”

“…Overall, nutrient and bioactive compounds in hemp by-products are biologically accessible in the GIT and available in the animal body system ( 109 ), but details on their bioavailability are incomplete. These bioactive compounds have been identified in the circulatory system, muscle, and brain tissue, feces and urine in animal models ( 84 ).…”

High Fiber Cakes from Mediterranean Multipurpose Oilseeds as Protein Sources for Ruminants

“…As far we know, there are no data on nutritional characteristic of cakes from tobacco and pomegranate seeds, whereas the studies regarding cardoon cakes [22,23] have not evaluated availability of crude protein throughout the whole digestive tract. Although data are available for hemp cakes, they refer to northern-Europe varieties, which differ in terms of botanical and agronomic traits compared to those cultivated in Mediterranean area [24,25]. Therefore, this study aimed at characterizing oilseed cakes from cardoon, hemp, tobacco and pomegranate with respect to chemical composition and in vitro digestibility.…”

Rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and its intestinal digestibility after steam flaking of cereal grains

“…rapeseed meal, Fava beans, etc.) retrieved identification of optimal processing conditions that ensures both reduced rumen degradability and increased digestibility of the rumen escape protein (Karlsson et al 2012). As most of the previous studies addressing steam flaking of cereal grains focused on starch digestion, the information referring to the fate of proteins is rather scarce.…”