Effects of temperature on body chemical composition and incidence of deformities in juvenile tench, Tinca tinca (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), fed a commercial dry diet and/or natural food

Abstract

Kamiński R., Sikorska J., Polak-Juszczak L., Wolnicki J. 2017. Effects of temperature on body chemical composition and incidence of deformities in juvenile tench, Tinca tinca (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), fed a commercial dry diet and/or natural food. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 47 (1): 63-71.Background. Water temperature is a major factor regulating fish metabolism. It can influence body chemical composition and the incidence of body deformities. The latter often develop in farmed fish and this issue is currently emerging as a serious problem for aquaculture. Determining the effects of water temperature on body chemical composition and fish body deformities is an important subject for research in fish biology and nutrition, and aquaculture. The presently reported study was conducted using juvenile tench, Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758), an important aquaculture species in Europe. Two hypotheses were tested: 1) temperature can significantly influence body chemical composition and the incidence of body deformities in fish; 2) the effects of temperature on fish depend on their diet. Material and methods. Fish, with an initial total length of 28.4 ± 2.7 mm and body weight of 0.24 ± 0.07 g, were reared at 20, 23, and 26°C and fed dry feed Aller Futura (Aller Aqua, Denmark) only, or a combination of this feed and natural food (frozen larvae of Chironomidae) in a 3 ÷ 2 ratio of dry matter, or the natural food alone. The duration of the experiment and the daily food rations were adjusted to the experimental temperatures based on a correction factor, q, of 1.000, 0.779, or 0.609, respectively. The experiment duration was 92, 72, or 56 days for the respective temperatures.Results. Body deformities occurred in all groups of fish fed solely or partially with the dry diet (21.5%-89.5%). The incidence of deformities was directly proportional to the temperature and the content of dry feed in the diet reaching the maximum in fish fed exclusively the dry diet at 26°C. Water temperature and fish diet influenced body chemical parameters (moisture, protein, lipid, ash, Ca, P, Mg, Ca ÷ P, Mg ÷ P), but water temperature did not have a significant effect on whole-body P content. Conclusions. Water temperature proved to significantly influence fish chemical body composition and the incidence of body deformities in fish fed dry diet. The major factor that caused fish P deficiency, and resulted in low body ash content and body deformities, was insufficient bioavailability of P in the dry diet. Water temperature appeared to only modify P deficiency symptoms in fish. Keywords: fish, food utilization, growth, nutrition, phosphorus INTRODUCTIONWater temperature is a major factor regulating fish metabolic rates, energy expenditure, food intake, and nutritional efficiency. Metabolic rate increases exponentially with temperature, and, at any given temperature, the difference between the energy gained by fish via food intake and the energy consumption by metabolism determines the resources available for growth (Brett and Groves 1979). F...

Growth, thermal preference and critical thermal maximum for Totoaba macdonaldi: effect of acclimation temperature and inclusion of soybean meal in the diet

“…However, these have focused on fish's biological performance, including growth in weight, e.g. in hapuku Polyprion oxygeneios (Tromp et al 2016) or the body chemical composition and incidence deformities in juvenile tench, Tinca tinca (Kamiński et al 2017).…”

Effect of four rearing water temperatures on some performance parameters of larval and juvenile crucian carp,Carassius carassius, under controlled conditions

“…This is even more so because intensive feeding of young stages of crucian carp with dry diets may cause a high incidence of skeletal deformities (Łączyńska et al, ; Myszkowski et al, ; Sikorska, ). Rearing temperature also has a significant influence on the incidence of deformities in cyprinid fish (Kamiński, Sikorska, Polak‐Juszczak, & Wolnicki, ). Hence, effective rearing of crucian carp under controlled conditions still requires research.…”

Performance of Co-Housed Neon Tetras (Paracheirodon innesi) and Glowlight Rasboras (Trigonostigma hengeli) Fed Commercial Flakes and Lyophilized Natural Food

“…The latter species, however, probably revealed early signs of demineralization in all four groups when compared to the smaller “Initial” fish group sampled at the beginning of the study. After all, Cypriniformes tend to develop skeletal pathologies when fed exclusively with commercial feeds [ 90 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ], which possibly could have been happening here, as well. Notwithstanding, such statement requires to be validated in future trials, which should last much longer than three months.…”