Effects of Temperature on Anoplophora chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Larvae and Pupae

Abstract

Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is a xylophagous invasive cerambycid whose larvae feed on the lower bole and exposed roots of many tree species in orchard, urban, and forested habitats. Larval survival and development of A. chinensis from Italy and China were evaluated at eight constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C). Development was slow or did not occur at temperatures ≤10 and >35°C. The TMin for the first six instars and the pupa was <10°C, while TMin for the higher instars was closer to 12°C. The ultimate instar for both populations was insensitive to temperature. When the TMax thresholds could be estimated they were between 31 and 41°C. Temperature also influenced larval weight gain; larvae held at 25–30°C generally weighed the most from the fourth instar on. The number of degree days for 50% of the population to molt to the next instar increased with increasing instar for both populations up through the sixth instar. Anoplophora chinensis may use wood moisture content in conjunction with temperature as a cue as to when to pupate. These responses of A. chinensis to temperature can be used for developing phenological models to predict timing of stages for management or eradication efforts.

Hybridization Potential of Two Invasive Asian Longhorn Beetles

“…For example, the elytra of ALB adults are marked with white spots in some populations but yellow in other populations in China and the original yellow type Anoplophora nobilis (Ganglbauer) was considered as a synonym ALB (white type) as cross-mating experiments between these two types yielded viable offspring and intermediate colors of the patches of setae on the elytra of the hybrid offspring adult [55]. Recent studies also showed a difference in thermal responses between A. chinensis and A. malasiaca [48,56]. Despite these differences, our results first confirm that A. malasiaca is reproductively compatible with A. chinensis (i.e., considered as one biological species).…”

“…For example, is the hybrid offspring suitable for the host specific egg parasitoid Aprostocetus fukutai (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) of A. chinensis or A. malasiaca that does not develop in ALB eggs [50,60]? Do hybrids have different thermal performance than parental offspring [48,56] and what pheromones are produced by hybrids?…”

Is there hybridization between 2 species of the same genus in sympatry?—The genetic relationships between Anoplophora glabripennis, Anoplophora chinensis, and putative hybrids

“…Although spanworm can persist in areas with colder winters than the winter moth, the occurrence of hybrids may affect the future spread of winter moth and success of biological control (Elkinton et al, 2010;Havill et al, 2016;Andersen et al, 2019). Compared with CLB larvae, ALB larvae have higher survival rates at 5 °C (Keena & Richards, 2022). ALB larvae have higher cold resistance and elevated breathing rates, so are better at maintaining body temperature in cold conditions (Feng et al, 2016;Javal et al, 2018).…”

“…ALB larvae have higher cold resistance and elevated breathing rates, so are better at maintaining body temperature in cold conditions (Feng et al, 2016;Javal et al, 2018). On the other hand, CLB have strong heat resistance and can survive and develop at higher temperatures than ALB (Keena & Richards, 2022). If hybridization does occur, mingling of these traits may allow hybrids to invade areas not currently at risk for either ALB or CLB.…”

“…, 2019). Compared with CLB larvae, ALB larvae have higher survival rates at 5 °C (Keena & Richards, 2022). ALB larvae have higher cold resistance and elevated breathing rates, so are better at maintaining body temperature in cold conditions (Feng et al.…”