Effects of temperature, salinity and seed age on induction of Zostera japonica germination in North America, USA

Kaldy, James E.; Shafer, Deborah J.; Ailstock, M. Stephen; Magoun, A. Dale

doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.06.006

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Kaldy et al (2015) reported the same result in Z. japonica . Seed germination in Z. japonica was inhibited at salinities of 20 ppt and above, but germination resumed when seeds were placed in freshwater (Kaldy et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Germinated seeds were immediately transferred to natural seawater (32 ppt) to continue culture at 15 °C. This is because prolonged exposure to freshwater is likely to result in increased incidence of rotten seeds and poor subsequent seedling survival (Kaldy et al, 2015). After four weeks, the number of seedlings from the germinated seeds was counted, and the SER was calculated using the equation: where n is the number of seedling from germinated seeds; N is the total number of seeds used for germination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth and physiology of adult plants have received considerable amounts of attention over the last three decades (Phillips, 1972; Phillips, McMillan & Bridges, 1983; Hemminga & Carlos, 2000; Touchette & Burkholder, 2000; Phillips, Milchakova & Alexandrov, 2006; Lee, Park & Kim, 2007; Leoni et al, 2008; Collier, Waycott & McKenzie, 2012; Dooley et al, 2013; Dooley et al, 2015; Kaldy et al, 2015); however, there is by far less information available concerning the key environmental factors, such as salinity and temperature, that influence seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth (Orth & Moore, 1983; Hootsmans, Vermaat & Van Vierssen, 1987; Conacher, Poiner & O’Donohue, 1994; Abe, Kurashima & Maegawa, 2008; Tanner & Parham, 2010; Salo & Pedersen, 2014; Park, Lee & Son, 2014; Kaldy et al, 2015). Moreover, results to date have been inconsistent as to whether or not the salinity significantly effects seed germination, which might be influenced by the design of salinity levels (Orth et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salinity and temperature significantly influence seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth of eelgrassZostera marinaL.

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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Globally, seagrass beds have been recognized as critical yet declining coastal habitats. To mitigate seagrass losses, seagrass restorations have been conducted in worldwide over the past two decades. Seed utilization is considered to be an important approach in seagrass restoration efforts. In this study, we investigated the effects of salinity and temperature on seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth of eelgrass Zostera marina L. (Swan Lake, northern China). We initially tested the effects of salinity (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ppt) and water temperature (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C) on seed germination to identify optimal levels. To identify levels of salinity that could potentially limit survival and growth, and, consequently, the spatial distribution of seedlings in temperate estuaries, we then examined the effect of freshwater and other salinity levels (10, 20, and 30 ppt) on seedling growth and establishment to confirm suitable conditions for seedling development. Finally, we examined the effect of transferring germinated seeds from freshwater or low salinity levels (1, 5, and 15 ppt) to natural seawater (32 ppt) on seedling establishment rate (SER) at 15 °C. In our research, we found that: (1) Mature seeds had a considerably lower moisture content than immature seeds; therefore, moisture content may be a potential indicator of Z. marina seed maturity; (2) Seed germination significantly increased at low salinity (p < 0.001) and high temperature (p < 0.001). Salinity had a much stronger influence on seed germination than temperature. Maximum seed germination (88.67 ± 5.77%) was recorded in freshwater at 15 °C; (3) Freshwater and low salinity levels (< 20 ppt) increased germination but had a strong negative effect on seedling morphology (number of leaves per seedling reduced from 2 to 0, and maximum seedling leaf length reduced from 4.48 to 0 cm) and growth (seedling biomass reduced by 46.15–66.67% and maximum seedling length reduced by 21.16–69.50%). However, Z. marina performed almost equally well at salinities of 20 and 30 ppt. Very few germinated seeds completed leaf differentiation and seedling establishment in freshwater or at low salinity, implying that freshwater and low salinity may potentially limit the distribution of this species in coastal and estuarine waters. Therefore, the optimum salinity for Z. marina seedling establishment and colonization appears to be above 20 ppt in natural beds; (4) Seeds germinated in freshwater or at low salinity levels could be transferred to natural seawater to accomplish seedling establishment and colonization. This may be the optimal method for the adoption of seed utilization in seagrass restoration. We also identified seven stages of seed germination and seedling metamorphosis in order to characterize growth and developmental characteristics. Our results may serve as useful information for Z. marina habitat establishment and restoration programs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salinity and temperature significantly influence seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth of eelgrassZostera marinaL.

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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“…Evidence for temperature effects on seagrass germination is equivocal, as some authors report enhanced germination rates with increasing temperature (e.g., Hootsmans et al, 1987;Jinhua et al, 2011;Kaldy et al, 2015), whereas others report no effects of temperature within the ranges explored (e.g., Phillips et al, 1983;Loques et al, 1990), even if some of these contrasting results refer to germination experiments conducted with the same species. These contrasting results reflect either local adaptation to particular spring regimes or the fact that the response of seagrass seed germination to temperature is likely to be best represented by a Gaussian distribution, with minimal and maximum thermal tolerances and an optimum temperature for germination.…”

Section: B2 Propagation Success: Climate Change Impacts On Early Lifementioning

confidence: 78%

Climate Change Impacts on Seagrass Meadows and Macroalgal Forests: An Integrative Perspective on Acclimation and Adaptation Potential

et al. 2018

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Marine macrophytes are the foundation of algal forests and seagrass meadows-some of the most productive and diverse coastal marine ecosystems on the planet. These ecosystems provide nursery grounds and food for fish and invertebrates, coastline protection from erosion, carbon sequestration, and nutrient fixation. For marine macrophytes, temperature is generally the most important range limiting factor, and ocean warming is considered the most severe threat among global climate change factors. Ocean warming induced losses of dominant macrophytes along their equatorial range edges, as well as range extensions into polar regions, are predicted and already documented. While adaptive evolution based on genetic change is considered too slow to keep pace with the increasing rate of anthropogenic environmental changes, rapid adaptation may come about through a set of non-genetic mechanisms involving the functional composition of the associated microbiome, as well as epigenetic modification of the genome and its regulatory effect on gene expression and the activity of transposable elements. While research in terrestrial plants demonstrates that the integration of non-genetic mechanisms provide a more holistic picture of a species' evolutionary potential, research in marine systems is lagging behind. Here, we aim to review the potential of marine macrophytes to acclimatize and adapt to major climate change effects via intraspecific variation at the genetic, epigenetic, and microbiome levels. All three levels create phenotypic variation that may either enhance fitness within individuals (plasticity) or be subject to selection and ultimately, adaptation. We

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“…The temperature is a very important environmental factor to mediate the seed germination. The seed can judge the season change and microenvironment difference and choose the appropriate opportunity to germinate by perceiving high and low temperature or by temperature change (Kaldy et al, 2015). The higher environment temperature can deepen the seed dormancy, while the low temperature has a very important effect on the seed breaking dormancy (El Harfi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Characteristics and Germination Conditions of Gentianae macrophylla Seeds under Different Storage and Seed Treatments

Sun¹,

Wang²,

Xie³

et al. 2017

IJAB

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This study investigated the biological characteristics of large-leaved gentian seeds and the effects of germination temperature, illumination, pretreatment, storage temperature and time on the seed germination by calculating the seed germination rate. The results showed that most of gentian seeds were oblong and brown, and its 1000 seed weight was 0.300±0.0004 g. The seed water absorption presented "S"-shaped curve with seed soaking time, including sharp, stable and saturated water absorption stages. The optimum germination temperature of large-leaved gentian seeds was 25°C and the seeds were more conducive to germinate under dark condition than under light condition. Gibberellins soaking could significantly improve the seed germination rate; low temperature storage could prolong the vitality of gentian seeds. In the actual production, the germination rate of gentian seeds can be improved by gibberellins seed dressing firstly and then sowing method, in order to shorten the germination period. This study can provide a good basis for identifying the gentian seeds and large-scale breeding and cultivation.

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Effects of temperature, salinity and seed age on induction of Zostera japonica germination in North America, USA

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Salinity and temperature significantly influence seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth of eelgrassZostera marinaL.

Salinity and temperature significantly influence seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth of eelgrassZostera marinaL.

Climate Change Impacts on Seagrass Meadows and Macroalgal Forests: An Integrative Perspective on Acclimation and Adaptation Potential

Biological Characteristics and Germination Conditions of Gentianae macrophylla Seeds under Different Storage and Seed Treatments

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