Effects of temporal frequency on binocular deficits in amblyopia

Kosovicheva, Anna; Ferreira, Adriana; Vera-Díaz, Fuensanta A; Bex, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2019.08.004

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 80 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A greater attention distribution caused larger differences between normal and amblyopic eyes. Furthermore, temporal deficits also seemed to affect binocular conditions, since a slightly larger interocular imbalance was recently reported in mid-to-low temporal frequencies by Kosovicheva et al [ 72 ], although stereopsis was unaffected. These findings are supported by other authors, such as Bonneh et al [ 73 ], who reported a higher time latency when a stimulus is shown to an amblyopic eye compared to a non-amblyopic eye, as well as by the worse response to flickering stimulus compared to steady stimulus in amblyopes that was described by Ruddock et al [ 74 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Stimuli Characteristics and Psychophysical Requirements for Visual Training in Amblyopia: A Narrative Review

Hernández-Rodríguez

Piñero

Molina‐Martín

et al. 2020

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Active vision therapy using perceptual learning and/or dichoptic or binocular environments has shown its potential effectiveness in amblyopia, but some doubts remain about the type of stimuli and the mode and sequence of presentation that should be used. A search was performed in PubMed, obtaining 143 articles with information related to the stimuli used in amblyopia rehabilitation, as well as to the neural mechanisms implied in such therapeutic process. Visual deficits in amblyopia and their neural mechanisms associated are revised, including visual acuity loss, contrast sensitivity reduction and stereopsis impairment. Likewise, the most appropriate stimuli according to the literature that should be used for an efficient rehabilitation of the amblyopic eye are described in detail, including optotypes, Gabor’s patches, random-dot stimuli and Vernier’s stimuli. Finally, the properties of these stimuli that can be modified during the visual training are discussed, as well as the psychophysical method of their presentation and the type of environment used (perceptual learning, dichoptic stimulation or virtual reality). Vision therapy using all these revised concepts can be an effective option for treating amblyopia or accelerating the treatment period when combining with patching. It is essential to adapt the stimuli to the patient’s individual features in both monocular and binocular training.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Stimuli Characteristics and Psychophysical Requirements for Visual Training in Amblyopia: A Narrative Review

Hernández-Rodríguez

Piñero

Molina‐Martín

et al. 2020

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To illustrate, using a binocular VA test, Schor et al (1976) showed that the influence of the fellow eye on amblyopic eye's perception was minimized while visual targets were alternatively presented to the eyes at 7 Hz (i.e., dichoptic flicker) (Schor et al, 1976). Another study shows that binocular (but not dichoptic) flicker can affect binocular interaction (Kosovicheva et al, 2019). It claims that EFG can "break suppression and restore normal binocular fusion" (See Text Footnote 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Eyetronix Flicker Glass and Patching for Treatment of Amblyopia in Children Reveals Similar Improvements in Vision

Min

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeRecently, Eyetronix Flicker Glass (EFG) has been introduced as a novel treatment for amblyopia. It alternatively deprives the visual input of each eye rapidly (e.g., 7 Hz). However, whether it is comparable with standard patching therapy is unclear. In this randomized clinical trial, we evaluate the efficacy of an EFG therapy as treatment for amblyopia in children and compare it to the patching therapy.MethodsWe tested 31 children (aged 4–13 years) with amblyopia. They were assigned into one of the two treatment groups and were treated for 12 weeks. The first group was treated with EFG for 1 h/day (Flicker Group) and the latter with a standard patch (Patching Group) for 2 h/day. We designated changes from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the amblyopic eye as our primary outcome. Changes from baseline in other visual outcomes, such as contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, and fusional vergence range were measured as secondary outcome.ResultsBCVA improved significantly at 12 weeks relative to baseline in both the Flicker (0.13 ± 0.11 logMAR; mean ± SD) and Patching Groups (0.21 ± 0.14 logMAR). However, the improvements were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.13). Contrast sensitivity also significantly improved at 3 and 12 cycles/degree between baseline and 12 weeks in both groups (p’s < 0.05). However, stereopsis and fusion range did not improve significantly in both groups.ConclusionAn EFG therapy and patching improved BCVA similarly for children with amblyopia at 12 weeks. Both therapies improved the contrast sensitivity at 3 and 12 cycles per degree (cpd); however, only patching improved the contrast sensitivity at 6 cpd. Both therapies did not benefit binocular visual functions (stereopsis and fusional vergence range). We believe that EFG can be an additional choice for therapy.Clinical Trial Registrationchictr.org number: ChiCTR2000034436.

show abstract

“…Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and to evaluate how this form of interocular processing delay affects the binocular perception and real-world performance of amblyopes in daily life. [53][54][55][56] It would be also interesting to see whether we can manipulate this delay precisely in combination with binocular treatments. [57][58][59]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Patterns of Interocular Delay Revealed by Spontaneous Motion-in-Depth Pulfrich Phenomenon in Amblyopes with Stereopsis

Reynaud

Tao

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To assess interocular delays in amblyopes with stereopsis and to evaluate the relationship between interocular delays and the clinical characteristics. METHODS. Twenty amblyopes with stereopsis (median, 400 arcseconds) and 20 controls with normal or corrected to normal visual acuity (≤0 logMAR) and normal stereopsis (≤60 arcseconds) participated. Using a rotating cylinder defined by horizontally moving Gabor patches, we produced a spontaneous Pulfrich phenomenon in order to determine the interocular delays, that is, the interocular phase difference at which ambiguous motion in plane was perceived. Two spatial frequencies-a low (0.95 cycles/degree [c/d]) and a medium (2.85 c/d) spatial frequency-were tested. RESULTS. The absolute interocular delays of the amblyopic group was significantly longer than that of the controls at both low or medium spatial frequencies (P < 0.01). However, the interocular delays was not always in favor of the fellow eye: 35% of the amblyopes (7/20) showed a faster processing of the amblyopic eye than that of the fellow eye at 0.95 c/d and 29.5% (5/17) at 2.85 c/d. No significant correlation was found between interocular delays and the clinical characteristics (e.g., age, treatment history, stereoacuity, and magnitude of anisometropia) in this amblyopic cohort. CONCLUSIONS. The interocular delays in amblyopes with stereopsis might result from either a faster or slower processing of the amblyopic eye relative to the fellow eye. This work provides important additional information for binocular processing of dynamic visual stimuli in amblyopia. However, the special role between this form of interocular delays and patients' clinical characteristics remains unknown.

show abstract

Effects of temporal frequency on binocular deficits in amblyopia

Cited by 12 publications

References 80 publications

Stimuli Characteristics and Psychophysical Requirements for Visual Training in Amblyopia: A Narrative Review

Stimuli Characteristics and Psychophysical Requirements for Visual Training in Amblyopia: A Narrative Review

A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Eyetronix Flicker Glass and Patching for Treatment of Amblyopia in Children Reveals Similar Improvements in Vision

Two Patterns of Interocular Delay Revealed by Spontaneous Motion-in-Depth Pulfrich Phenomenon in Amblyopes with Stereopsis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About