Effects of testosterone and exercise on muscle leanness in eugonadal men with AIDS wasting

Abstract

Loss of lean body and muscle mass characterizes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) wasting syndrome (AWS). Testosterone and exercise increase muscle mass in men with AWS, with unclear effects on muscle composition. We examined muscle composition in 54 eugonadal men with AWS who were randomized to 1) testosterone (200 mg im weekly) or placebo and simultaneously to 2) resistance training or no training in a 2 x 2 factorial design. At baseline and after 12 wk, we performed assessments of whole body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and single-slice computed tomography for midthigh cross-sectional area and muscle composition. Leaner muscle has greater attenuation. Baseline muscle attenuation correlated inversely with whole body fat mass (r = -0.52, P = 0.0001). This relationship persisted in a model including age, body mass index, testosterone level, viral load, lean body mass, and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (P = 0.02). Testosterone (P = 0.03) and training (P = 0.03) increased muscle attenuation. These data demonstrate that thigh muscle attenuation by computed tomography varies inversely with whole body fat and increases with testosterone and training. Anabolic therapy in these patients increases muscle leanness.

Efeitos agudos de vários métodos de treinamento de força no lactato sanguíneo e características de cargas em homens treinados recreacionalmente

“…Two of the most common goals of resistance training are increases in muscle strength and hypertrophy with athletic, aesthetic or health purposes as in chronic conditions such as sarcopenia and AIDS (6)(7)(8)(9) .…”

Efeito do exercício físico na percepção de satisfação de vida e função imunológica em pacientes infectados pelo HIV: Ensaio clínico não randomizado

“…To determine the absolute and relative CD4 T-cells counting, a small sample of blood (450μL) was obtained from a peripheral vein of the arm (EDTA vacutainer tubes, Becton-Dickinson TM , San Jose, CA, USA) and was immediately analyzed through flow citometry (BD FACSArray TM , Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), which is considered gold standard for CD4 Tcell counting 13 .…”

Role of testosterone in maintaining lean body mass and bone density in HIV-infected patients

“…Several studies indicate that testosterone treatment helps prevent loss of lean body and muscle mass in HIV-infected patients. [14][15][16][17][18][19] In a study of 51 HIV-positive men with wasting and low testosterone levels, patients were randomized to placebo or testosterone enanthate at 300 mg intramuscularly (i.m.) every 3 weeks for 6 months.…”

“…21 Exercise also improves body composition in HIVinfected men with wasting, and some studies have attempted to address whether testosterone and exercise might compliment each other in this setting. [17][18][19] In a four-arm study, 61 hypogonadal HIVinfected men with weight loss were randomized to treatment with placebo alone, testosterone alone (100 mg/week testosterone enanthate i.m. ), placebo plus exercise, or testosterone plus exercise.…”

“…Furthermore, testosterone doses of twice the physiologic replacement dose were used in this study. 18,19 It thus remains unclear whether the combination of physiologic testosterone therapy and exercise is more effective in improving body composition than either exercise or testosterone alone.…”